LIBRARY 

OF    THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 
Clots 


L:    "**av^ 


.*&*£ 


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* 


SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR_  ABRIDGE  OVER 


AT 


GENERAL  SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR 


Highway  Bridge  Superstructures 


THE  OSBORN  ENGINEERING  Co. 

OSBORN    BUILDING, 
CLEVELAND,       -       OHIO. 


19O1. 


COPYRIGHTED  1901,  BY 

THE  OSBORN  ENGINEERING  Co., 

OSBORN  BLD'G.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PARA- 
GRAPHS 

I.  DRAWINGS. 1-9 

II.  FLOORS  AND  PAVEMENTS 10 

A.  Single  Thick  Plank  Floors  for  Roadways,         .    11-15 

B.  Double  Thick  Plank  Floors  for  Roadways,     .       16-19 
c.     Brick  Pavements  for  Roadways,         .         .  20-36 

D.  Medina  Block  Pavements  for  Roadways,         .  37-44 

E.  Sheet  Asphalt  Pavements  for  Roadways,       .  45-56 

F.  Plank  Flooring  for  Sidewalks,         .         .         .  57-59 

G.  Cement  Pavements  for  Sidewalks          .         .  60-66 
H.     Catchbasins,       .         .         .         .         .                  .67 

I.     Maintainance  Guarantee,       ...  68 

III.  WHEEL  GUARDS  AND  CURBS.        .         .         .         .  69-70 

IV.  CAR  TRACKS  AND  TROLLEY  POLES.       .         .  7r  72 

V.  RAILINGS 73-76 

VI.  LIGHTING 77 

VII.  NAME  PLATES -.  78 

VIII.  LOADS 79-97 

IX.  UNIT  STRESSES .   *     .  98  ii4 

X.  DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION 

A.  Clearances,       ......  115-117 

B.  Tension  Members,       .....         118  125 
c.      Compression  Members,         ....      126-135 

D.  Floor  System,  .....            136-143 

E.  Lateral  System,  .         .         .         .         .        144-155 

F.  Riveting, 156-160 

G.  Riveted  Work. 161 

(a.)     First  Class,     .....  162-169 

(b.)     Second  Class,             ....  170-174 

(c  )     General  Clauses,           .         .         .  175-179 

H.      Trusses, 180-183 

I.     Plate  Girders,           ......  184-195 

j.     Rolled  Beams, 196 

K.     Towers  and  Bents,          .         .         .         .         .  197-203 

TV.     General,             ......  704-218 

XI.  QUALITY  OF  MATERIAL. 

A.  Wrought  Iron,             .....  219-227 

B.  Cast  Iron,         .......  228 

C.  Steel,           .......  229-244 

D.  Cast  Steel 245 

E.  Paint,         .         .         .         .         .         .         .  246-254 

F.  Timber,         .         .         .         .         .        .        .  255 

XII.  WORKMANSHIP .  256-260 

XIII.  INSPECTION  AND  TESTS 261.263 

XIV.  ERECTION.            264-276 

XV.  GENERAL  CONDITIONS.       .                           .  277-298 


103721 


SPECIFICATIONS 


FOR. BRIDGE  OVER. . 

at 

The  engineer's  general  drawings  consist  of: — 

Sheet  i , 

Sheet  2 

Sheet  j , 

Sheet  4 , 

Sheet  5.  ... 


The  superstructure  will  consist  of spans long. 


,  single 

Roadivay wide,  Flooring  of      thick  (See  1 ) 

double 

Nailing  strips  of. (See  1  13  ) 

Pavement  of on base  (See  1 ) 

Stringers  of .    .     (See  11  138,  139  and  140) 

Sidewalks wide.    Flooring (See  11  57  and  58) 

Nailing  strips  of.... (See  1  59) 

Pavement  of. on base  (See  11  60  to  66  inclusive ) 

Stringers  of....  (See  11  138,  139  and  140 ) 

Wheel  guards  of (See  1  69) 

Ctirbs  of (5^17n) 

Contractor  to Cat  tracks gauge 

centers,  located 'See  1  71 ) 

Trolley  poles  to  be ty 

Contractor, (See  1  72) 

Contractor  to for  lighting  the  structure 

by-    as  indicated  on  drawings  and  especially  specified. 

Dead  load  to  be  as  per  1  80.     In  computing  dead  load,  weights  shall 

be  taken  as  for  a   \See  note  to  \  %o) 

Uniform  live  load  to  be  as  per 

Concentrated  live  loads  to  be  as  per 

Riveted  work  to  be class.     (See ) 

Paint,  '  'fast  coat  "  to  be 

'  'finish  coats  "  to  be 

The  entire  work  to  be  completed  on  or  before jo 


.  1.     DRAWINGS. 

i.  Accompanying  these  specifications,  and  forming  a 
part  hereof,  are  general  drawings,  as  enumerated  on  the 
first  page  of  these  specifications,  embodying  the  informa- 
tion and  data  furnished  the  contractor  for  his  guidance. 


Engineer's 

General 

Drawings. 


Page  1,  Par  2,  third  line,  read  "the  lengths  of  spans 
from  center  to  center  of  end  bearings  ;  the  depth  from 
center  to  center  of  chords  ;  the  ' ' 

Page  25,  heading  of  column  5  of  table,  read  "1  5  12d  " 

Page  29,  Par.  145,  second  line,  second  word,  for  M  oor  " 
read  "floor." 


ic  plus 


sign  shal 


man 


stresses  and  the  minus  ( — )  sign  to  indicate  tension  stresses. 

Stresses  shall  be  given  in  pounds,  and  weights  of  shape 
metal  in  pounds  per  foot  of  one  piece. 

The  plans  shall  also  include  such  detail  drawings  as  are 
necessary  to  express  the  general  intent  of  the  whole  work. 

3.  The  contractor  shall  not,  except  at  his  own  risk,  order 
any  material  until  after  the  shop  drawings  have  been  ap- 
proved by  the  engineer.    After  approval,  the  contractor  shall 
furnish  the  engineer,  without  charge,  as  many  sets  of  the 
shop  drawings  as  he  may  require. 

4.  The  contractor  shall  also  furnish  the  engineer  with 
duplicate  copies  of  all  shop  and  order  bills  of  material  and 
shipping    lists    of    all    finished    parts,    with    exact    itemized 
weights  of  same. 


Shop 
Drawings. 


Shop  and 

Order 

Bills. 


.  1.     DRAWINGS. 

1.  Accompanying   these   specifications,   and    forming   a 
part  hereof,  are  general  drawings,  as  enumerated  on  the 
first  page  of  these  specifications,  embodying  the  informa- 
tion and  data  furnished  the  contractor  for  his  guidance. 

2.  If  general  drawings  are  submitted  by  the  contractor 
with  his  proposal,  they  shall  include  all  stress  sheets  giving 
the  lengths  of  spans  from  center  to  center  of  chords ;  the 
width  of  the  bridge  in  the  clear  and  from  center  to  center 
of  trusses ;  the  dead  ,  live  and  other  loads  on  which  calcu- 
lations are  based;  the  dead,  live  and  other  load  stresses  as 
well  as  the  minimum  stresses  and  sections  for  all  members ; 
the  sections  and  areas  of  lateral  and  portal  struts,  lateral 
and  sway  rods  or  angles ;  stringers,  floor-beams  and  their 
connections ;  sizes  of  rivets ;  size,  arrangement  and  character 
of  floor  system ;  and  the  class  or  classes  of  material  proposed 
for  use  in  the  various  parts  of  the  structure. 

The  dead  loads  assumed  for  calculating  the  stresses  shall 
not  be  less  than  the  actual  weight  of  the  structure. 

The  plus "' -f  *)  sign  shall  be  used  to  indicate  compression 
stresses  and  the  minus  ( — )  sign  to  indicate  tension  stresses. 

Stresses  shall  be  given  in  pounds,  and  weights  of  shape 
metal  in  pounds  per  foot  of  one  piece. 

The  plans  shall  also  include  such  detail  drawings  as  are 
necessary  to  express  the  general  intent  of  the  whole  work. 

3.  The  contractor  shall  not,  except  at  his  own  risk,  order 
any  material  until  after  the  shop  drawings  have  been  ap- 
proved by  the  engineer.    After  approval,  the  contractor  shall 
furnish  the  engineer,  without  charge,  as  many  sets  of  the 
shop  drawings  as  he  may  require. 

4.  The  contractor  shall  also  furnish  the  engineer  with 
duplicate  copies  of  all  shop  and  order  bills  of  material  and 
shipping    lists    of    all    finished    parts,    with    exact    itemized 
weights  of  same. 


Engineer's 

General 

Drawings. 


Contractor's 

General 

Drawings. 


Shop 
Drawings. 


Shop  and 

Order 

Bills. 


Size  of 
Drawings. 


Dimensions. 


Contractor 
Responsible  for 
Accuracy. 


Variations. 


Notes. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

5.  All  drawings  shall  be  of  uniform  size  twenty-four  by 
thirty-six  inches  (24"  x  36").       They  shall   be  numbered, 
arranged  in  systematic  order  and  indexed. 

6.  On  all  drawings  dimensions  shown  in  figures  shall 
govern  in  cases  of  discrepancy  between  scale  and  figures. 

7.  The   contractor    shall    check    all    leading   dimensions 
and  clearances  as  a  whole  and  in  detail,  the  fitting  of  all 
details,  and  become  responsible  for  the  exact  position  and 
elevation  of  all  parts  of  the  work ;  and  the  approval  of  the 
working  drawings  by  the  engineer  shall  not  relieve  the  con- 
tractor of  this  responsibility. 

8.  In  constructing  the  work,  no  variations  at  any  time 
from  the  approved  drawings,  nor  from  these  specifications, 
shall  be  made  by  the  contractor,  without  a  written  order 
from  the  engineer  in  each  case,   describing  and   directing 
such  change. 

9.  Notes  or  specifications  appearing  on  the  engineer's 
general  drawings  are  to  be  construed  as  superseding  and 
voiding  any  clauses,  or  parts  of  clauses,  in  these  specifica- 
tions, with  which  they  may  conflict. 

For  conventional  signs  for  rivets  on  drawings,  see  Appendix. 


Plank. 


II.     FLOORS  AND  PAVEMENTS. 

For  specifications  governing  the  steel  floor  system  see  paragraphs 
136  to  143,  inclusive. 

10.  Floors  and  pavements  for  roadways  and  sidewalks 
shall  consist  of  such  material  as  may  be  shown  on  the  engi- 
neer's  general    drawings    and    specified   on   the    first   page 
hereof,  and  shall  conform  strictly  to  the  following  specifi- 
cations covering  the  class  of  flooring  or  pavements  selected, 
or  to  such  notes  and  specifications  as  may  appear  on  the 
engineer's  general  drawings. 

A.     SINGLE  THICK  PLANK  FLOORS  FOR  ROADWAYS. 

11.  Roadway  flooring  shall  consist  of  plank  of  the  kind 
specified  on  the  first  page  hereof,   from  eight    (8)    inches 
to  twelve  (12)  inches  in  width,  surfaced  both  sides  to  two 

(2) 


FLOORS    AND    PAVEMENTS. 

and  three- fourths  (2^4)  inches  thick,  the  edges  straight  and 
parallel  from  end  to  end.  A  variation  of  more  than  one- 
half  (1/2)  inch  in  width  will  not  he  allowed. 

12.  It  shall  be  laid  at  right  angles  to  the  axis  of  the         How  Lajd< 
bridge  with  one-quarter  (*4)  inch  open  joints  and  fastened 

to  nailing  strips  or  wooden  stringers  with  five  (5)  inch  steel 
wire  nails,  at  least  two  for  each  intersection. 

13.  Nailing  strips  for  steel  stringers  shall  be  of  the  kind         Nailing 
and  dimensions  and  shall  be  attached  as  shown  on  the  gen- 
eral drawings.     They  shall  be  fastened,  at  intervals  not  ex- 
ceeding three  (3)  feet,  to  the  steel  stringers  by  five-eighths 

($/s)  inch  bolts.  If  nailing  strips  are  placed  on  the  top 
flanges  of  stringers  they  shall  be  surfaced  top  and  bottom 
to  uniform  thickness,  and  bolts  shall  be  countersunk. 

14.  All  flooring  shall  be  of  such  length  as  to  lay  full         Length, 
width  of  the  roadway,  unless  otherwise  especially  shown  on 

the  general  drawings.  When  the  general  drawings  show 
the  plank  laid  in  two  lengths  across  the  roadway,  the  joint 
shall  come  over  a  center  stringer  and  be  covered  with  a  cen- 
ter strip  of  such  size  and  quality,  and  fastened  and  finished 
as  shown  on  the  drawings.  The  ends  of  plank  shall  be 
sawed  off  in  a  workmanlike  manner  to  a  straight  line. 

15.  When  car  tracks   are  provided,  the  ends  of  plank         Car 
against  the  treads  of  rails  shall  be  adzed  off,  when  neces-        Tracks, 
sary,  flush  with  the  treads.     Plank  between  rails  shall  be 

fitted  snugly  against  the  inside  flanges  of  the  rails,  and 
adzed  or  chamfered  off  to  leave  the  flooring  with  a  neat 
and  workmanlike  finish. 


B.  DOUBLE  THICK  PLANK  FLOORS  FOR  ROADWAYS. 

1 6.  Roadway  flooring  shall  consist  of  plank  of  the  kind  p|ank- 
specified  on  the  first  page  hereof,  from  eight  (8)  inches  to 
twelve  (12)  inches  in  width,  and  shall  be  laid  in  two 
courses,  each  surfaced  both  sides  to  two  and  three-fourths 
(2^4)  inches  thick,  the  joints  straight  and  parallel  from  end 
to  end.  A  variation  of  more  than  one-half  (l/2)  inch  in 
width  will  not  be  allowed. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS. 

Lower  1 7-     The  lower  course  shall  be  laid  with  one-half 

Course,  inch  open  joints  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees  with  the  axis 

of  the  bridge,  in  opposite  directions  either  side  of  the  center 
line,  and  shall  be  fastened  to  the  stringers  by  five  (5)  inch 
steel  wire  nails,  at  least  two  for  each  intersection,  and 
clinched  under  the  flanges  of  steel  stringers.  After  lay- 
ing, and  before  the  upper  course  is  laid,  the  lower  course 
shall  be  covered  with  two  (2)  coats  of  tar,  applied  hot  with 
swabs. 

Upper  1 8.     The  upper  course  shall  be  laid  with  closed  joints, 

perpendicular  to  the  axis  of  the  bridge  and  fastened  to  the 
lower  course  with  forty-penny  cut  nails  of  approved  quality. 
It  shall  be  of  such  length  as  to  lay  full  width  of  the  road- 
way unless  otherwise  especially  shown  on  the  general 
drawings.  When  the  general  drawings  show  the  plank  laid 
in  two  lengths  across  the  roadway,  the  joint  shall  come 
over  a  center  stringer  and  be  covered  with  a  center  strip  of 
such  size  and  quality,  and  fastened  and  finished  as  shown 
on  the  drawings. 

Jar  19.     When  car  tracks  are  provided,  the  flooring  shall  be 

treated  as  above  specified  for  single  thick  plank  floors.  (See 
paragraph  15.) 

C.     BRICK  PAVEMENTS  FOR  ROADWAYS. 

Concrete  2O.     If  the  drawings  indicate  buckled,  corrugated  or  other 

form  of  metal  floor  plates  as  support  for  the  paving,  a  con- 
crete base  shall  be  laid  directly  upon  such  plates  to  a  mini- 
mum thickness  of  not  less  than  two  (2)  inches  over  their 
highest  parts,  and  shall  be  composed,  unless  otherwise  indi- 
cated on  the  engineer's  general  drawings,  of  Portland  ce- 
ment, sand,  gravel  and  cinder,  of  the  qualities  hereinafter 
specified,  and  in  the  following  proportions,  viz. : 

1  part     of  Portland  Cement. 

2  parts  of  Sand. 

2  parts  of  Gravel. 
4  parts  of  Cinder. 

2T.     The  concrete  shall,  if  so  directed  by  the  engineer, 
be  mixed  by  machinery,  the  machine  to  be  of  an  acceptable 

(4) 


FLOORS  AND   PAVEMENTS. 

design,  and  capable  of  proper  adjustment  to  secure  thorough 
mixing  and  uniform  temper  of  the  materials.  If  mixed  by 
hand,  great  care  shall  be  taken  to  secure  thorough  and  uni- 
form incorporation  of  the  entire  mass.  It  shall  be  laid 
immediately  and  compacted  by  ramming  until  moisture  ap- 
pears on  the  surface.  The  surface  shall  be  made  exactly 
parallel  with  the  finished  surface  of  the  pavement.  The  con- 
crete shall  be  allowed  to  set  such  number  of  days  as  directed 
by  the  engineer  before  any  walking  or  teaming  over  or 
laying  of  paving  is  allowed. 

22.  If  the   drawings   indicate  concrete  plates,   with   or 
without  imbedded  metal,  as  support  for  the  paving,  such 
concrete  shall  itself  form  the  base,  and  shall  be  composed, 
unless  otherwise  indicated  on  the  engineer's  general  draw- 
ings, of  the  same  materials  in  the  same  proportions,  and  be 
mixed,   laid,   rammed   and  finished   to  grades   and  crowns 
in  the  same  manner  as  above  specified  for  concrete  base. 

23.  Concrete  plates  as  support  for  the  pavement  shall 
be  laid  between  and  over  the  steel  floor  system  upon  tem- 
porary wooden  forms,  in  such  manner  and  to  such  depths 
as  may  be  shown  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings,  but 
in  no  case  shall  the  minimum  depth  be  less  than  four  (4) 
inches. 

24.  If  so  indicated  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings, 
snch  form  of  metal  as  may  be  so  indicated — such  as  expanded 
sheet  metal,  wire  mesh  or  rods — shall  be  imbedded  in  con- 
crete plates  and  attached  to  the  steel  floor  system  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  indicated  on  the  general  drawings  or 
directed  by  the  engineer. 

25.  Upon  the  above  base  shall  be  placed  a  one  (i)  inch 
layer  of  clean,  sharp,  coarse  sand,  as  a  cushion  on  which 
to  place  the  pavement. 

26.  The  pavement  shall  be  constructed  of  a  single  layer 
of  bricks  laid  on  edge,  end  to  end,  at  right  angles  to  the 
axis   of  the   bridge.      The  bricks   shall   be   set   in   straight 
courses,  and  breaking  joints  at  least  three  (3)  inches  with 
the  bricks  of  the  adjoining  courses;  they  shall  be  set  per- 

(5) 


Concrete 
Floor  Plates. 


Imbedded 
Metal. 


Cushion. 


Laying 
Brick. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS. 

pendicular  to  the  established  grade,  and  to  such  height  as 
the  engineer  may  direct  above  the  true  grade  and  crown 
of  the  roadway  when  finished,  to  provide  for  settlement  in 
pounding  and  rolling.  After  the  bricks  are  laid,  the  end 
joints  shall  be  made  close  and  compact  by  the  use  of  an  iron 
bar  applied  at  the  ends  next  to  the  curb.  Every  fourth 
course,  or  as  the  engineer  may  direct,  the  bricks  shall  be 
closed  up  and  the  courses  straightened  by  use  of  a  sledge 
hammer  and  wood  bar  placed  against  the  bricks.  Nothing 
but  whole  bricks  shall  be  used,  except  in  starting  a  course 
or  in  making  a  closure  at  curbs,  catchbasins,  car  tracks  or 
other  street  structures,  where  not  less  than  one-third  bricks 
may  be  used  in  breaking  joints.  Care  shall  be  taken  in 
breaking  and  trimming  bricks  for  this  purpose,  so  as  not  to 
check  or  fracture  the  part  to  be  used. 

Rammjn  27.     The  paving,  when  laid  as  specified,  shall  be  thor- 

oughly rammed  in  courses  three  times,  as  may  be  directed, 
besides  the  final  or  surface  ramming,  using  a  large  square 
rammer  weighing  not  less  than  eighty  (80)  pounds  and  hav- 
ing no  iron  of  any  kind  on  its  lower  face  to  come  in  contact 
with  the  paving.  In  the  fourth,  or  final  ramming,  the  pave- 
ment shall  be  surfaced  up  by  using  a  long  straight-edge, 
and  by  a  thorough  rolling  of  the  pavement  with  a  heavy 
roller  weighing  not  less  than  five  (5)  tons.  When  the 
ramming  and  rolling  are  completed,  the  pavement  shall 
conform  to  the  true  grade  and  crown  of  the  roadway,  as 
shown  on  the  general  drawings  and  specified  on  the  first 
page  hereof. 

28.  The  joints  or  spaces  between  the  bricks  to  the  full 
depth  of  the  same  shall  be  filled  with  grout  composed  of 
Portland  cement  and  clean,  sharp  lake  or  river  sand,  both 
of  a  quality  acceptable  to  the  engineer,  in  the  proportion  of 
one  to  one.  The  cement  and  sand  to  be  thoroughly  mixed 
together  dry  in  a  box  of  proper  form  and  capacity,  and 
afterwards  only  a  sufficient  amount  of  water  added  to  make 
the  grout  of  the  proper  fluidity  when  thoroughly  stirred. 
It  shall  be  prepared  only  in  small  quantities  at  a  time  and 
shall  be  stirred  rapidly  and  constantly  in  the  box  while  being 
applied  to  the  pavement,  and  no  settlings  or  residue  will  be 

(6) 


FLOORS   AND   PAVEMENTS. 


allowed  to  be  used.  The  grout  fillings  shall  be  transferred 
to  the  pavement  in  hand  scoops,  or  in  such  other  way  as 
the  engineer  may  direct,  and  shall  then  be  rapidly  swept 
into  the  joints  with  proper  brooms. 

Unless  otherwise  directed,  the  filling  is  to  be  done  with 
two  applications  of  the  grout ;  the  first  two-thirds  in  depth 
from  the  bottom  of  the  spaces  to  be  filled  with  the  grout 
somewhat  thinner  than  required  for  the  remaining  one- 
third  ;  the  remainder  of  the  spaces  to  be  then  filled  with  the 
thicker  grout,  and  if  necessary  refilled  until  the  joints  will 
remain  full  to  the  top ;  the  brick  to  be  well  wetted,  as  di- 
rected, before  the  grout  is  applied. 

29.  The  surface  of  the  paving,  when  completed  as  above, 
shall,  when  directed,  be  covered  with  a  light  top  dressing 
of  clean  coarse  sand  or  gravel  of  approved  quality,  which, 
with  all  accumulations,  shall  afterwards  be  removed  from 
the  pavement  at  such  time  before  the  final  acceptance  of 
the  work  as  the  engineer  shall  direct. 

30.  The  pavement  next  to  the  rails  at  car  tracks  where 
they  exist,  and  along  curbs  and  in  gutters,  shall  receive 
such  special  treatment  as  may  be  indicated  on  the  engineer's 
general  drawings,  or  directed  by  the  engineer. 

31.  Paving  at  expansion  points  in  the  steel  work  shall 
receive  such  special  treatment  as  may  be  indicated  on  the 
engineer's  general  drawings  or  directed  by  the  engineer. 
Provisions  for  expansion  in  the  pavement  itself  shall  also  be 
made  if  required,  in  such  manner  and  at  such  points  as  the 
engineer  may  direct. 

32.  All  teams  and  wagon  traffic,  and  all  wheeling  in  bar- 
rows, except  on  planks,  shall  be  rigidly  prohibited  on  the 
pavement  for  at  least  one  week  after  the  grout  is  applied, 
or  until,  in  the  opinion  of  the  engineer,  it  has  become  thor- 
oughly  set   and   hardened,   so   that  the   bond   will   not   be 
broken  by  traffic. 

33.  Cement  for  all  paving  purposes  shall  be  of  the  best 
quality  of  American  Portland  cement,  and  subject  at  all 
times  to  the  inspection  and  tests  of  the  engineer.    The  brand 
must  be  one  well  known,  and  one  that  has  been  used  in  im- 


Top 
Dressing. 


Car 
Tracks. 


Expansion 
Points. 


Prohibit 
Traffic. 


Cement 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

portant  works  in  which  it  has  remained  at  least  two  years 
and  has  shown  no  signs  of  deterioration.  All  cement  shall 
be  of  uniform  quality,  color  and  weight.  It  shall  be  of 
such  fineness  that  not  less  than  ninety  (90)  per  cent  by 
weight  shall  pass  through  a  sieve  of  10,000  meshes  per 
square  inch.  It  shall  be  without  free  lime  and  pats  made 
of  neat  cement  shall  show  no  cracking  when  immersed  in 
\vater  immediately  after  setting  and  left  for  seven  days, 
nor  when  subjected  to  the  hot  test  for  twenty-four  hours. 
The  initial  set  of  Portland  cement  shall  not  take  place  in 
less  than  thirty  minutes,  nor  the  final  set  in  less  than  three 
hours  or  more  than  eight  hours.  Neat  briquettes  shall 
develop  the  following  tensile  strengths  per  square  inch : 

AGE.  STRENGTH. 

Neat.     24  hrs.   (in  water  after  hard  set)  175  Ibs.  or  over. 

1  day  air,  (5  days  water,  450     "      "      " 

1  day  air,  27  days  water,        -  550     "     "     " 

band.      (1  to  3)  1  day  air,  6  days  water,  125     "     "      " 

1  day  air,  27  days  water,  200     "     "      " 

Sand  used  for  tests  to  be  standard  crushed  quartz.  Pro- 
portions to  be  taken  by  weight. 

34      All  sand  shall  be  clean,  coarse  and  sharp,  free  from 

Gravel3"  aU  earthy  or  organic  matter.    Gravel  shall  be  clean  and  free 

from  clay  or  shale.     Sand  and  gravel  shall  be  subject  to  the 

approval  of  the  engineer,  and  none  shall  be  used  until  it  has 

been  accepted  by  him. 

35.  Only  such  cinder  will  be  accepted  upon  the  work  as 
is  obtained  from  good  steam  coal,  or  what  is  known  as  "dead 
end"  cinder.  It  shall  be  clean  and  free  from  unburned  coal, 
ash  and  refuse.  It  shall  consist  of  particles  not  greater  than 
one  inch  in  their  greatest  dimensions.  No  cinder  shall  be 
used  until  it  has  been  accepted  by  the  engineer. 

Paving  36.     Paving  bricks  shall  consist  of  the  best  quality  of 

Brick.  sound,  hard  burned,  machine  pressed  paving  brick,  made 

and  burned  especially  for  street  paving  purposes,  square  and 

straight,   free   from  cracks  and  other  defects,   of  uniform 

texture  and  uniformly  of  the  size  shown  on  plans  or  ap- 

(8) 


KF.OOkS    AM)    1'AYKMKNTS. 

proved  by  the  engineer.  Specimen  bricks  shall  be  submitted 
to  the  engineer,  labeled  with  the  name  of  the  manufacturer 
and  the  place  of  manufacture,  and  all  bricks  used  shall  be 
equal  in  every  respect  to  the  specimens.  Specimen  bricks 
broken  across,  thoroughly  dried  and  weighed,  then  immersed 
in  water  for  seventy-two  (72)  hours  and  again  weighed, 
shall  show  a  difference  in  weight  dry  and  wet  not  exceeding 
two  (2)  per  cent  of  the  weight  dry.  Specimen  bricks  sub- 
mitted to  a  one  hour  test  in  a  standard  rattler  shall  show 
a  loss  by  abrasion  not  to  exceed  eight  (8)  per  cent  of  the 
original  weight  of  the  bricks  tested. 

I).     MEDINA  BLOCK  PAVEMENTS  FOR  ROADWAYvS. 

37.     Either  a  concrete  base  on  metal  floor  plates,  or 

.  ,  Concrete 

concrete  plates  with  or  without  imbedded  metal,  as  may  be         Base, 

indicated  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings,  shall  be  used 
as  support  for  the  paving,  and  the  concrete  base  or  con- 
crete plates  shall  conform  in  every  respect  to  the  above 
specifications  for  brick  pavements.  (See  paragraphs  20,  21, 
22,  23  and  24.) 

38.  The  sand  cushion  shall  be  of  the  same  thickness  and        cushion, 
material  and  laid  as  above  specified  for  brick  paving.     (See 
paragraph  25.) 

39.  The  paving  blocks  shall  be  laid  and  compacted  as        Laying 
above   specified   for   brick   pavement    (see   paragraph    26), 
breaking  joints  at  least  two   (2)   inches,  and  stones  of  the 

same  thickness  shall  be  placed  in  the  same  row  and  rows  of 
similar  thickness  shall  be  placed  together.  No  gravel  or 
sand  shall  be  placed  on  top  or  between  the  stones  as  they 
are  laid. 

40.  The  pavement,  when  laid  as  specified,  shall  be  thor-         Ramming. 
oughly    rammed   and    rolled    as    above    specified    for   brick 
pavement  (see  paragraph  27),  and  after  ramming  and  roll- 
ing, or  during  the  process,  as  may  be  directed,  shall  be  thor- 
oughly sprinkled  or  washed  with  water,  to  insure  the  thor- 
ough bedding  of  the  blocks,  leaving  the  joints  or  spaces 
between  the  blocks  their  full   depth.     When  this  is  com- 
pleted, the  pavement  shall  conform  to  the  true  grade  and 

crown  of  the  roadway. 

(9) 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

41.  The  joints   or   spaces  between  the  blocks   shall  be 
filled  with  grout  and  the  surface  of  the  pavement,  when 
completed,  shall  be  top  dressed  and  all  wagons  or  other 
traffic  shall  be  prohibited,  all  as  above  specified  for  brick 
pavements.  (See  paragraphs  28,  29  and  32.) 

42.  The  pavement  next  to  the  rails  at  car  tracks  where 
they  exist,  and  along  curbs  and  in  gutters,  shall  receive  such 
special  treatment  as  may  be  indicated  on  the  engineer's  gen- 
eral drawings,  or  directed  by  the  engineer. 

43.  Paving  at  expansion  points  in  the  steel  work  shall 
receive  such  special  treatment  as  may  be  indicated  on  the 
engineer's  general   drawings  or  directed  by  the  engineer. 
Provision  for  expansion  in  the  pavement  itself  shall  also 
be  made  if  required,  in  such  manner  and  at  such  points  as 
the  engineer  may  direct. 

44.  Medina  paving  blocks  shall  consist  of  the  best  quality 
of  Medina  sandstone,  free  from  quarry  checks  or  cracks, 
and  from  quarry  seams  or  lines  of  clay,  quarried  from  fine- 
grained and  live  rock   and   showing  a   straight  and   even 
fracture.     Tbey   shall   have  parallel   sides   and   ends,   with 
right  angle  joints,  all  roughness  and  points  of  stone  to  be 
broken  off,  so  that  when  set  in  place  they  shall  have  tight 
joints  for  a  distance  of  at  least  three  and  one-half  (3^/2 ) 
inches  from  the  top  downward;  the  area  of  the  bottom  of 
any  stone  to  be  not  less  than  three-quarters  ( ?4  )  of  the  area 
of  the  top,  and  the  top  to  have  a  smooth,  even  surface.    All 
paving  blocks,  before  being  brought  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
work,  shall  be  properly  inspected  and  assorted,  and  classi- 
fied by  thickness  into   at   least  three  classes,   which   shall 
thereafter  be  kept  separated.     Blocks  shall  be  within  such 
limiting  sizes  as  are  shown  on  the  drawings  or  approved 
by  the  engineer,  and  all  blocks  exceeding  such  limits  shall 
be  rejected. 

E.     SHEET  ASPHALT  PAVEMENTS  FOR  ROADWAYS. 

45.  If  the  drawings  indicate  buckle,  corrugated,  or  other 
form  of  metal   floor  plates   as   support,   the   sheet  asphalt 
paving  shall  be  laid  directly  upon  such  plates  to  a  minimum 
thickness    of    four    (4)    inches,   composed   of   a   course   of 


(10) 


FTvOORS    AND    PAVKMKNTS. 


asphalt  binder  filling  the  plates  and  to  a  minimum  depth  of 
two  (2)  inches  over  their  highest  parts,  and  an  asphalt 
wearing  surface  two  (2)  inches  in  thickness. 

46.  If  the  drawings  indicate  a  concrete  plate  with  or 
without  imbedded  metal  as  support,  the  sheet  asphalt  pav- 
ing shall  be  laid  directly  thereon,  composed  of  an  asphalt 
wearing  surface  two  (2)  inches  in  thickness. 

Concrete  plates  as  support  for  the  paving  shall  be  laid 
between  and  over  the  steel  floor  system  upon  temporary 
wooden  forms,  in  such  manner  and  to  such  depth  as  may  be 
shown  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings,  but  in  no  case 
shall  the  minimum  depth  be  less  than  four  (4)  inches. 

47.  If  so  indicated  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings, 
such  form  of  metal  as  may  be  so  indicated — such  as  expand- 
ed sheet  metal,  wire  mesh  or  rods — shall  be  imbedded  in 
concrete  plates  and  attached  to  the  steel  floor  system  in  such 
manner  as  may  be  indicated  on  the  general  drawings  or 
directed  by  the  engineer. 

48.  The  binder  course  on  metal  floor  plates  shall  consist 
of  a  concrete  made  of  clean  broken  stone  not  exceeding  one 
and  one-fourth    (i^4)    inches  in  their  largest  dimensions, 
thoroughly  screened  and  mixed  with  asphaltic  cement  of  the 
quality  hereinafter  specified.     The  stone  shall  be  heated  by 
passing  through  revolving  heaters,  and  thoroughly  mixed 
with  the  asphaltic  cement  by  machinery  in  the  proportion  of 
one  ( i )  gallon  of  asphaltic  cement  per  cubic  foot  of  stone. 
The  binder  will  be  hauled  to  the  work  while  still  hot,  care- 
fully spread  on  the  buckle  plates  with  hot  iron  rakes  to  the 
thickness    required,    and    immediately    rammed    and    rolled 
with  a  five   (5)   ton  roller  until  the  least  thickness  above 
the  highest  point  of  the  buckle  plate  is  two  (2)  inches.    The 
upper  surface  shall  be  made  exactly  parallel  with  the  finished 
surface  of  the  pavement. 

49.  The  pavement  mixture  forming  the  wearing  surface 
of  the  pavement  shall  be  composed  of  from  twelve  (12)  to 
sixteen  (16)  parts  of  asphaltic  cement  as  hereinafter  speci- 
fied,  mixed   with   from  sixty-seven    (67)    to  seventy-three 
(73)   parts  of  clean,  sharp  sand  of  approved  quality,  and 


On  Concrete 
Floor  Plates. 


Imbedded 
Metal. 


Binder. 


Wearing 
Surface. 


(II) 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

from  fifteen  (15)  to  seventeen  (17)  parts  of  pulverized 
carbonate  of  lime.  These  proportions  may  be  varied  some- 
what if  it  shall  appear  to  the  engineer  that  better  results 
will  be  obtained. 

The  sand  and  asphaltic  cement  shall  be  heated  separately 
to  about  300  degrees  Fahr.  The  pulverized  carbonate  of 
lime,  while  cold,  shall  be  mixed  with  the  hot  sand  in  the 
required  proportion,  and  shall  then  be  mixed  with  the 
asphaltic  cement  at  the  required  temperature,  and  in  the 
proper  proportion,  in  an  apparatus  suited  to  effect  a  perfect 
mixture. 

Laying.  50.     The  pavement  mixture,  when  thus  prepared,  shall 

be  laid  on  the  foundation  in  two  coats.  The  first,  or  cushion 
coat,  shall  contain  two  to  four  per  cent  more  asphaltic 
cement  than  is  given  above,  and  shall  be  laid  to  such  depth 
as  will  give  a  thickness  of  one-half  (l/2)  inch  after  being 
consolidated  by  a  roller.  The  second,  or  surface  coat,  pre- 
pared as  above  specified,  shall  be  laid  on  the  cushion  coat. 
It  shall  be  brought  to  the  ground  in  carts  at  a  temperature 
of  about  250  degrees  Fahr.,  and  shall  then  be  carefully 
spread,  by  means  of  rakes,  in  such  manner  as  to  give  a 
uniform  and  regular  grade,  and  to  such  depth  that,  after 
having  received  its  ultimate  compression,  it  will  have  a 
thickness  of  one  and  one-half  (1^2)  inches,  and  conform 
to  the  true  grade  and  crown  of  the  roadway  as  shown  on 
the  general  drawings  and  specified  on  the  first  page  hereof. 
The  surface  shall  be  compressed  by  a  hand  roller,  after 
which  a  small  amount  of  hydraulic  cement  shall  be  swept 
over  it,  and  it  shall  then  be  thoroughly  compressed  by  a 
heavy  steam  roller,  the  rolling  being  continued  as  long  as 
it  makes  an  impression  on  the  surface. 

51.  The  joints  of  the  wearing  surface  with  the  curbs 
shall  be  poured  with  asphaltic  cement,  and  the  adjoining 
eighteen  (18)  inches  of  the  wearing  surface  in  each  gutter 
shall  be  painted  with. said  cement. 

52.  Where  car  tracks  are  provided  on  the  structure,  the 
Tracks.                   pavement  along  the  outer  edge  of  each  rail  and  between 

rails  shall  be  laid  as  indicated  on  the  engineer's   general 

(12) 


FLOORS    AND    PAVKMKNTS. 


drawings,  or  as  may  be  directed  by  the  engineer.  If  paving 
blocks  are  used  they  shall  conform  in  every  respect  to  the 
specifications  above  for  block  pavement.  (See  paragraph 
44.)  Special  care  shall  be  taken  with  the  pavement  at 
tracks  and  curbs  to  secure  durability  and  a  neat  finish. 

53.  Paving  at  expansion  points  in  the  steel  work  shall 
receive  such  special  treatment  as  may  be  indicated  on  the 
engineer's  general   drawings  or  directed  by  the  engineer. 
Provisions  for  expansion  in  the  pavement  itself  shall  also 
be  made  if  required,  in  such  manner  and  at  such  points  as 
the  engineer  may  direct. 

54.  Asphalt  shall  be  equal,  in  the  opinion  of  the  engi- 
neer, to  the  best  refined  Trinidad  Lake  Asphalt,  obtained 
direct  from  the  Island  of  Trinidad.     The  asphalt  shall  be 
used  without  the  admixture  of  coal  tar  or  any  other  products 
or  with  bitumens  of  other  kind  or  quality. 

All  asphalts  shall  be  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  engi- 
neer and  to  such  tests  as  he  may  require,  and  the  contractor 
shall  afford  him  free  access  to  the  works  where  the  asphalt 
is  treated  or  mixed,  for  the  purpose  of  analyzing,  and  shall 
also  supply  him  with  such  samples  as  he  may  require. 

55.  Heavy  petroleum  oil — the  residuum  obtained  by  dis- 
tillation of  petroleum — shall  be  free  from  water,  light  oils 
and  other  objectionable  impurities,  and  of  specific  gravity 
of  from  1 8  degrees  to  23  degrees  Beaume,  and  shall  bear  a 
fire  test  of  250  degrees  Fahr. 

56.  Asphaltic  cement  shall  be  composed  of  100  parts  of 
asphalt,  carefully  refined  and  brought  to  a  uniform  standard 
of  purity  and  gravity,  mixed  with  from  twelve  (12)  to  fif- 
teen (15)  parts  of  heavy  petroleum  oil. 

F.     PLANK  FLOORING  FOR  SIDEWALKS. 

57.  Sidewalk  flooring  shall  consist  of  plank  of  the  kind 
specified  on  the  first  page  hereof,  surfaced  on  two  sides  to 
two  and  one-half  (2l/2)  inches  thick.     It  shall  be  of  a  uni- 
form width  of  four  (4)  inches,  the  edges  straight  and  paral- 
lel from  end  to  end.     A  variation  of  more  than  one-fourth 
(l/l)  inch  in  width  will  not  be  allowed. 


Expansion 
Points. 


Asphalt. 


Petroleum 
Oil. 


Asphaltic 
Cement. 


Plank. 


How  Laid. 


Nailing 
Strips. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

58.  Plank  shall  be  laid  perpendicular  to  the  axis  of  the 
bridge  with  one-fourth  (^4)  inch  open  joints,  and  shall  be 
spiked  to  nailing  strips  or  wooden  stringers  with  five  (5) 
inch  steel  wire  nails,  at  least  two  for  each  intersection. 

The  means  of  finishing  sidewalk  flooring  at  each  end,  at 
curbs  and  under  railings,  and  the  fitting  around  truss  mem- 
bers, posts,  etc.,  shall  be  as  indicated  on  the  engineer's  gen- 
eral drawings,  or  as  directed  by  the  engineer,  to  secure  at 
all  points  a  durable,  neat  and  workmanlike  job. 

59.  Nailing  strips  for  steel  stringers  shall  conform  in  all 
respects  to  the  above  specifications  governing  nailing  strips 
for  single  thick  roadway  flooring.      (See  paragraph   13.) 
After  the  nailing  strips  are  laid,  and  before  the  sidewalk 
planks  are  placed  thereon,  the  tops  of  the  strips  shall  be 
covered  with  two  coats  of  coal  tar,  applied  hot  with  swabs. 


Concrete 
Base. 


G.     CEMENT  PAVEMENTS  FOR  SIDEWALKS. 

60.  Cement  pavements  for  sidewalks  shall  consist  of  a 
course  of  cinder  concrete  between  and  over  the  steel  floor 
system,  covered  with  a  cement  or  granitoid  wearing  surface. 

61.  The  cinder  concrete  forming  the  lower  course  shall 
be  of  the  same  materials  as  above  specified  for  brick  pave- 
ments.    (See  paragraphs  20,  21,  33,  34  and  35.)     It  shall 
be  laid  between  and  over  the  steel  floor  system  upon  tem- 
porary wooden  forms,  to  such  shape  and  depth  as  are  shown 
on  the  engineer's  general  {drawings,  but  in  no  case  shall  the 
minimum  depth  be  less  than  three  (3)  inches.     It  shall  be 
rammed  solidly  in  place  until  moisture  appears  on  the  sur- 
face, and  smoothed  off  on  top  exactly  parallel  to  the  finished 
surface  of  the  sidewalk. 


Imbedded 
Metal. 


62.  If  so  indicated  on  the  engineer's  general  drawings, 
such  form  of  metal  as  may  be  so  indicated — such  as  expand- 
ed sheet  metal,  wire  mesh  or  rods — shall  be  imbedded  in  the 
concrete,  and  attached  to  the  steel  floor  system  in  such  man- 
ner as  may  be  indicated  on  the  general  drawings  or  directed 
by  the  engineer. 


FLOORS   AND    PAVEMENTS. 

63.  After  the  concrete  above  described  has  thoroughly        wearing 
set  the  sidewalk  surface  shall  be  laid,  with  joints  at  such        Surface, 
intervals  as  may  be  shown  on  the  general  drawings  or  di- 
rected by  the  engineer.     This  surface  shall  consist  of  two 

parts;  first,  a  layer  of  one  and  one-half  (1^2)  inches  thick- 
ness; and  second,  a  finishing  layer  of  one-half  (J4)  inch 
thickness. 

64.  The  first  layer  shall  be  composed  of  three  parts  of 
crushed  granite  or  stone  to  one  part  of  Portland  cement        Layer. 
of  the  quality  above  specified  for  brick  pavements.     (See 
paragraph  33.)     The  crushed  granite  or  stone  shall  be  en- 
tirely free  from  dust  or  dirt,  and  shall  consist  of  irregular, 

sharp  edged  pieces,  so  broken  that  each  piece  will  not  be 
greater  than  three-fourths  (^4)  inch  in  its  greatest  dimen- 
sion. 

The  crushed  granite  or  stone  and  the  cement  in  the  above 
mentioned  proportions  shall  be  first  mixed  dry,  then  suffi- 
cient clean  water  shall  be  slowly  added  by  sprinkling  and 
the  material  constantly  and  carefully  stirred  and  worked 
until  the  whole  is  thoroughly  mixed.  This  mass  shall  be 
spread  on  the  foundation  and  rammed  until  the  interstices 
are  thoroughly  filled  with  cement,  and  the  layer  conforms 
truly  to  the  proper  lines.  Particular  care  shall  be  taken 
that  this  layer  is  well  rammed  and  consolidated  along  the 
edges. 

65.  After  the  first  layer  is  complete,  the  finishing  layer        second 
shall  be  added.     This  shall  consist  of  a  stiff  mortar  com-        Layer, 
posed  of  equal  parts  of  the  cement  above  specified,  and  the 

sharp  screenings  of  the  crushed  granite  or  stone,  free  from 
earthy  or  loamy  substances,  and  laid  to  a  depth  of  one-half 
(l/2)  inch  and  carefully  smoothed  to  an  even  surface,  con- 
forming to  the  true  grades  and  slopes  of  the  sidewalks  as 
shown  on  the  general  drawings  and  specified  on  the  first 
page  hereof.  This  surface  shall  receive  as  a  final  operation 
before  initial  setting  takes  place,  such  division  into  blocks 
and  such  surface  marking  as  may  be  directed  by  the  engi- 
neer, and  after  the  first  or  initial  setting  takes  place,  it  must 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

not  be  disturbed  by  additional  wetting.  When  the  pave- 
ment is  complete,  it  shall  be  covered  for  at  least  three  days 
and  be  kept  moist  by  sprinkling. 

66.  The  pavement  shall  be  fitted  around  truss  members, 
posts,  and  against  curbs  and  outside  stringers  in  a  neat  and 
workmanlike  manner,  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  engi- 
neer. 

H.     CATCHBASINS. 

67.  Catchbasins  or  drains  shall  be  placed  as  shown  on  the 
general  drawings,  and  shall  be  of  the  kind,  quality  and  de- 
sign indicated  thereon,  and  set  as  directed  by  the  engineer. 
Paving  in  gutters  near  catchbasins  or  drains  shall  receive 
such  special  shapes  or  grades  as  the  engineer  may  direct. 

I.     MAINTAINANCE  GUARANTEE. 

68.  Whenever  brick,  Medina  stone  or  asphalt  pavements 
or  cement  sidewalks  are  laid,  the  contractor  shall  furnish  a 
guaranty  bond  of  one-third  (1-3)  the  estimated  cost  of  the 
paving.     Said  bond  shall  be  duly  executed  before  the  final 
payment  is  made  for  the  work  specified  in  these  specifica- 
tions, and  its  conditions  shall  be  that  the  contractor  will,  at 
his  own  cost  and  expense,  keep  and  maintain  and  turn  over 
to  the  owner  the  pavement  in  good  condition  for  and  in  five 
(5)  years  after  the  completion  of  same;  and  that  the  con- 
tractor binds  himself  to  repair  the  pavement  during  saT3 
five  years,  wherever  and  whenever  and  in  the  manner  direct- 
ed by  the  engineer  or  owner  within  five  (5)  days  after  re- 
ceipt of  written  notice  to  that  effect ;  and  that,  on  the  expi- 
ration of  the  guarantee  period,  all  imperfections,  covering, 
in  all  classes  of  pavement,  all  depressions,  unevenness  of 
surface   or   base,   disintegration,   cracks,   rolls,   chipped  or 
cracked  brick  or  stone  and  imperfect  joints,  shall  be  reme- 
died as  the  engineer  or  owner  shall  direct. 

The  contractor  shall  leave  the  paving  in  good  condition, 
and,  until  the  owner  or  engineer  shall  finally  accept  the 
same  in  writing,  the  guaranty  bond  shall  remain  in  full 
force. 


(16) 


f  III.  WHEEL  GUARDS  AND  CURBS. 

i  ;   . 

69.  Unless   otherwise   shown   on   the   general   drawings 
wheel  guards  shall  be  six  inches  by  eight  inches  (6"  x  8")  of 
the  kind  of  wood  specified  on  the  first  page  hereof,  and  sup- 
ported on  blocks  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  two  and  one-half 
(2^/2}  inches  high  and  eight  (8)  inches  square,  spaced  four 
(4)  feet  on  centers  and  provided  with  wrought  iron  washers 
under  head  and  nut.     The  guard   rail   shall  have  corners 
chamfered  as  shown  on  the  general  drawings. 

70.  Curbs  shall  be  composed  of  such  material  and  so 
designed  as  to  conform  strictly  with  the  general  drawings. 
If  stone  curbing  is  used,  it  shall  consist  of  the  best  quality 
of  limestone  not  less  than  three  and  one-half  (3^2)  feet  long, 
fivje,  (5)  inches  wide,  and  of  the  depth  shown  on  the  draw- 
ings.    It  shall  be  neatly  hammer  dressed  to  a  depth  of  at 
least  ten  (10)  inches  on  the  face  next  the  gutter  and  three 
(3)  inches  on  the  back,  the  top  to  be  dressed  to  a  straight 
line  and  to  a  three-eighths  (^g)  inch  bevel  in  its  width,  and 
to, a  uniform  thickness  of  five  (5)  inches.     Each  end  shall 
be  neatly  dressed  to  a  one-eighth  (^J)  inch  joint.     It  shall 
be'  laid  carefully  to  a  true  line  and  bedded  and  backed  in 
cement  mortar. 


Wheel 
Guards. 


Curbs. 


IV.  CAR  TRACKS  AND  TROLLEY  POLES. 

71.  When  car  tracks  are  required,  provision  shall  be 
made  for  properly  supporting  and  fastening  rails  of  the 
dimensions  and  pattern  shown  on  the  general  drawings.  If 
the  rails  are  to  be  furnished  and  laid  by  the  contractor, 
they  shall  be  subject  to  inspection  by  the  engineer  and  shall 
be  connected,  fastened  to  the  structure  and  adjusted  for 
straightness  to  his  satisfaction. 

In  all  cases  such  provision  as  may  be  satisfactory  to  the 
engineer  shall  be  made  for  the  proper  and  free  expansion 
and  contraction  of  the  rails. 


Tracks. 


('7) 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

72.  If  trolley  poles  are  to  be  furnished  and  placed  in 
position  on  the  structure  by  the  contractor,  or  if  provision 
is  to  be  made  by  him  for  supporting  and  attaching  same 
to  the  structure,  the  same  will  be  shown  and  described  on 
the  engineer's  general  drawings  and  the  pattern  of  poles 
and  their  location,  or  the  nature  and  details  of  the  supports, 
shall  be  in  strict  conformity  with  the  plans  furnished. 


V.     RAILINGS. 

73.  A  substantial  handrail  not  less  than  three  and  one- 
half   (33/2)    feet  high  and  of  appropriate  design  shall  be 
placed  on  the  outside  of  footwalks,  or,  when  footwalks  are 
omitted,  at  the  outside  of  the  roadway,  and  drawings  shall 
completely  show  the  design  and  all  sizes,  together  with  the 
location  and  style  of  all  posts  and  connections. 

74.  Railings  shall  be  fully  supported  and  stayed  at  inter- 
vals not  exceeding  fifteen  (15)  feet  by  posts  placed  at  panel 
points  and  at  equal  subdivisions  of  panels.     Railings  at- 
tached to  trusses  of  through  spans  having  a  panel  length 
greater  than  fifteen  feet  shall  be  provided  with  intermediate 
posts. 

75.  All  posts  shall  be  so  attached  to  the  structure  as  to 
permit   of   adjustment    both    vertically    and   horizontally. 
When  posts  are  attached  to  stringers,  provision  shall  be 
made  for  the  torsional  strains  produced  in  the  latter  by  loads 
applied  to  the  railing. 

76.  When  railings  continue  from  the  bridge  to  posts  on 
abutments  or  piers,  such  posts  shall  be  rigidly  secured  and 
braced,  and  an  expansion  joint  shall  be  provided  in  the  rail- 
ing at  the  end  of  the  span. 


VI.     LIGHTING. 

77.  If  so  specified  on  the  first  page  hereof,  provisions 
shall  be  made  by  the  contractor  for  lighting  the  structure, 
and  the  location  and  design  of  all  posts  and  fixtures  and 
the  method  provided  for  lighting  shall  be  in  strict  conform- 
ity with  the  general  drawings  and  the  hereto  appended  spe- 
cial clauses  covering  the  same. 


VII.     NAME  PLATES. 

78.  Two  name  plates  of  suitable  size  and  design,  and 
which  may  be  required  to  be  of  aluminum  or  of  electro- 
bronze  finish,  shall  be  provided  and  securely  fastened  at 
points  to  be  designated  by  the  engineer.  The  plates  shall 
be  inscribed  as  directed  by  the  engineer. 


VIII.     LOADS. 

79.  All  parts  of  the  structure  shall  be  proportioned  for 
the  maximum  stresses  produced  by  the  dead,  temperature, 
wind,  and  traction  loads ;  and  by  any  combination  of  such  of 
the  following  live  loads  as  are  specified  on  the  first  page  of 
these  specifications,  for  the  structure  herein  referred  to. 

80.  The  dead  load  shall  comprise  the  actual  weight  of  the 

Dead  Loads. 

completed  structure. 

In  determining  the  dead  load,  the  following  unit  weights 
shall  be  used : 

Iron :  3.33  Ibs.  per  lineal  foot  of  bar  of  one  square  inch 
area. 

Steel :  3.40  Ibs.  per  lineal  foot  of  bar  of  one  square  inch 
area. 

Timber  ;     Creosoted  ...  5  Ibs.  per  foot  Board  Measure. 

Oak 4^    "      "      " 

Yellow  Pine  .   .  4    "      "      " 
White  Pine  or  Ce- 
dar   3  "      "      " 

(19) 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

Rails     The  actual  weight  specified. 
Concrete:     Stone,     125  Ibs.  per  Cubic  foot. 

'Cinder.   100    "      " 
Stone,     150  Ibs.  per  cubic  foot. 
Brick,     125    >'     " 
Sand,      100    "     " 
Asphalt,  90    "     " 

If  provision  is  to  be  made  for  the  future  use  of  a  perma- 
nent floor  or  paving  on  roadways,  or  sidewalks,  or  both,  the 
dead  loads  assumed  in  all  computations  shall,  unless  other- 
wise directed,  be  based  on  the  weights  of  such  permanent 
floor  or  paving,  and  not  on  the  material  specified  for  present 
use. 

(a)  81.     For  spans  up  to   150   feet  long,   100  Ibs.  per 
square  foot  of  roadway  and  80  Ibs.  per  square  foot  of  side- 
walks.    For  spans  over  150  feet  long,  80  Ibs.  per  square 
foot  of  both  roadway  and  sidewalks. 

(b)  82.     For  spans  up  to  150  feet  long,  80  Ibs.  per  square 
foot  of  both  roadway  and  sidewalks.     For  spans  over  150 
feet  long,  60  Ibs.  per  square  foot  of  both  roadway  and  side- 
walks. 

(a)  83.     A  steam  road  roller  weighing  35,000  Ibs.,  ar- 
ranged as  follows:     15,000  Ibs.  on  forward  roll  and  10,000 
Ibs.  on  each  rear  roll ;  axles  eleven  feet  apart,  forward  roll 
four  feet  face,  rear  rolls  each  twenty  inches  face,  rear  rolls 
five  feet  center  to  center. 

(b)  84.     A  steam  road  roller  weighing  21,000  Ibs.,  ar- 
ranged as  follows :    9,000  Ibs.  on  forward  roll  and  6,000  Ibs. 
on  each  rear  roll ;  axles  eleven  feet  apart,  forward  roll  four 
feet  face,  rear  rolls  each  twenty  inches  face,  rear  rolls  five 
feet  center  to  center. 

(c)  85.    A  single  horse  roller  weighing  12,000  Ibs.,  the  roll 
five  feet  face. 

Unit  stresses  may  be  increased  twenty-five  per  cent.  (25%  ) 
for  the  road  rollers,  but  concentrated  loads  shall  not  be  con- 
sidered as  distributed  over  two  or  more  stringers,  except  when 
such  distribution  unquestionably  occurs. 

If  a  paved  floor  of  sufficient  width  be  used,  the  rollers 
shall  be  considered  w7hen  turned  at  right  angles  to  the  axis  of 
the  bridge. 


(20) 


(d)  86.     A  wagon  load  of  10,000  Ibs.  on  two  axles  eight 
feet  apart,  wheels  five  feet  gauge. 

(e)  87.     Two  four-wheeled  electric  motor  cars  on  each 
track,  weighing  30,000  Ibs.  each,  arranged  as  shown  by  the 
following  diagram : 

I  1, I     I  .          I 


Axle  load  15,000  Ibs. 

(f)  88.  A  train  of  eight-wheeled  electric  motor  cars  on 
each  track,  weighing  50,000  Ibs.  each,  arranged  as  shown  by 
the  following  diagram. 

I      I        i ,      I    I      i__, i      I 


6'-*}- 16' >}*-  6'-+ —  12'— H-6'4- 16'- 

Axle  load  12,500  Ibs. 

(g)  89.  A  train  of  eight-wheeled  electric  motor  cars  on 
each  track,  weighing  80,000  Ibs.  each,  arranged  as  shown  by 
the  above  diagram. 

Axle  load  20,000  Ibs. 

(h)  90.  A  train  of  coal  cars  of  60,000  Ibs.  capacity,  ar- 
ranged as  shown  by  the  following  diagram : 

II          . ,       .    I 


Axle  load  23,000  Ibs. 

91.  To  provide  for  the  effects  of  impact  and  vibration, 
there  shall  be  added  to  the  sum  of  the  dead  and  live  load 
stresses  in  each  member,  and  in  all  joints  and  connections 
thereof,  an  impact  stress  to  be  computed  by  the  following 
formula : 

L 

L    +    D 
Where  I  =  Amount  of  impact  stress. 

"     L  =  Stress  due  to  live  load  considered  as  a  static  load. 
"     D  =       "         "     "  dead  load. 


Impact 
Stress. 


(21) 


Temperatnre 
Stresses. 


Wind 
Pressure. 


Traction 
Load. 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

92.  Where  the  effect  of  a  variation  of  150  degrees  F., 
is  to  produce  stresses  in  the  structure,  the  maximum  of  such 
stresses  in  each  member  shall  be  provided  for. 

(a)  93.     A  pressure  of  30  Ibs.  per  square  foot  on  the  sur- 
face of  all  trusses,  railings,  posts  and  bracing  of  towers,  and 
on  the  vertical  projection  of  the  floor  system;  and  in  addi- 
tion a  moving  load  of  180  Ibs.  per  lineal  foot  of  bridge. 

(b)  94.     A  pressure  of  50  Ibs.  per  square  foot  of  exposed 
surface  of  all  trusses,  railings,  posts  and  bracing  of  towers ; 
and  on  the  vertical  projection  of  the  floor  system,  the  struc- 
ture being  considered  as  delivered. 

95.  The  wind  pressures  assumed  in  the  calculation  shall 
be  considered  as  acting  upon  the  largest  exposed  surface, 
and  the  greatest  results  shall  be  taken  in  proportioning  the 
parts. 

96.  The  stresses  in  the  chords  and  end  posts  of  trusses, 
and  the  posts  of  towers,  due  to  wind  pressure,  need  not  be 
considered  except : 

ist.  When  the  stress  per  square  inch  in  any  member  due  to 
wind  pressure  exceeds  one-fourth  of  the  combined 
stresses  from  other  causes  except  wind,  in  which  case, 
the  excess  of  wind  stress  over  one-fourth  the  combined 
stress  from  other  causes  shall  be  provided  for. 

2nd.  When  the  stresses  due  to  wind  pressure  can  cause  re- 
versal of  stress  in  a  member,  in  which  case  such  reversal 
shall  be  provided  for. 

97.  In  the  case  of  bridges  designed  to  carry  electric  mo- 
tors, a  traction  force  equal  to  20  per  cent  of  the  live  load 
shall  be  provided  for. 


(22) 


IX.     UNIT  STRESSES. 

All  parts  of  the  structure  shall  be  proportioned  by  the 
following  unit  stresses  : 


98.     Wrought  iron  .......   18,000   Ibs.  per  sq,  in. 

boft  steel    .........  20,000      "       "     "     " 

Medium  steel    .......  22,000      "       "     "     " 


Tension. 


99.     Members  with  square 
bearings  at  both  ends, 


36,000  r2 


Members  with  square  Q 

bearings  at  one  end  — — — — 

and  pin  bearings  at  the  -^    , ^2 

other,  24,000  r2 


Members  with  pin  bear- 
ings at  both  ends, 


1  +  • 


18,000 


In  which  C  =  18,000  for  wrought  iron. 
"       C  =  20,000    "    soft  steel. 

C  =  22,000  ••'    medium  steel. 

1  =  length  between  supports  in  inches. 

r  =  least  radius  of  gyration  in  inches. 

1/r  shall  not  exceed  J  \^  for  nifin  members  and 

\  150     ' '   subordinate  members. 
12 

Values  of may  be  taken  from  Osborn's  Tables 

r2 


100.  Pins,  closely  packed,  Medium  steel,  25,000  Ibs.  per        Bending, 
sq.  in. 

101.  Pins    22,OOO   Ibs.    per   Sq.    in.          Bearing. 

Rivets   20,000    ( '       ' '     " 


102.     Pins  and  rivets 10,000    n       ' '     ' ' 


Shearing. 


(23) 


Girder 
Flanges. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS. 

103.  The  compression  flanges  of  plate  girders  and  floor 
beams  will  be  given  the  same  gross  area  as  the  tension 
flanges. 


104.     Bending  in  pins  will  be  calculated  from  distances 
between  centers  of  bearing. 


Pins  and 
Rivets. 


105.  In  deducting  rivet  holes  to  obtain  the  net  section 
of  riveted  tension  members,  the  rivet  hole  shall  be  taken  with 
a  diameter  one-eighth  (J/£)  inch  larger  than  the  undriven 
rivet  for  rivets  with  full  heads,  and  one-fourth  (%)  inch 
larger  for  countersunk  rivets. 


106.  The  bearing  surface  of  pins  and  rivets   shall  be 
taken  on  the  diameter  and  not  on  the  semi-circumference. 

107.  The  effective  diameter  of  the  driven  rivet  shall  be 
considered  the  same  as  the  diameter  before  driving. 


108.  In  calculating  the  resistance  of  rivets  to  shear  and 
bearing,  rivets  countersunk  in  plates  less  than  three-eighths 
(2/6)  inches  thick  shall  not  be  considered  as  taking  any  of 
the  stress  from  or  into  that  plate. 


109.  In  plates  three-eighths  (%)  inch  to  five-eighths 
inch  thick,  inclusive,  they  shall  be  counted  at  half 
value,  and  for  plates  over  five-eighths  (^s)  inch  thick,  at 
full  value. 


no.     Field  connections   shall   have  at   least  twenty-five 
(25)  per  cent  excess  of  rivets,  unless  driven  by  power. 


Alternate 
Stresses. 


in.  Members  subjected  to  alternate  tensile  and  com- 
pressive  stresses  shall  be  designed  to  resist  either,  and  shall 
have  twenty-five  (25)  per  cent  excess  of  strength  in  their 
joints  and  connections. 


Combined 
Stresses. 


112.     Members  subjected  to  combined  bending  and  direct 
stresses  must  be  proportioned  for  the  combined  stresses. 

(24) 


DETAILS   OF   CONSTRUCTION. 


113.  The  timber  parts  of  the  structure  shall  be  propor- 
tioned by  the  following  unit  stresses,  given  in  pounds  per 
square  inch  : 


Timber. 


CI,ASS. 

SPECIES. 

TRANS- 
VERSE 
LOAD- 
ING. 

ENI) 
HEAR- 
ING. 

SHORT 
COLUMN 
J<7l2d 

BEAR- 
ING 
ACROSS 
FIBRE 

SHEAR 

ALONG 

FIBRE, 

1 

Wlyte  Oak 

14   0 

1300 

1000 

550 

300 

2 

Long  Leaf  Pine. 

1600 

1300 

1000 

350 

200 

3 

White  Pine 

1100 

900 

700 

200 

150 

4 

Hemlock 

950 

85') 

650 

200 

100 

114.     Columns  whose  length  exceeds  12  times  their  least 
side,  shall  be  proportioned  by  the  following  formula : 


Timber 

Coiums. 


1    + 


1,000 


Where  C  =  Unit  stress  as  given  above  for  short  columns. 
"        1  =  Length  of  column  between  supports,  in  inches. 
"        d  =  Least  side  of  column,  in  inches. 


X.     DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

A.  CLEARANCES. 

115.  For  all  through  bridges,  there  shall  be  a  clear  head- 
room above  the  floor  not  less  than  the  amount  specified  on 
the  first  page  of  these  specifications  and  shown  on  plans ;  but 
in  no  case  shall  the  clear  head-room  be  less  than  fourteen 
(14)    feet.     Knee  braces   may   extend  below  this   limiting 
height. 

1 1 6.  Whenever  the  width  of  roadway  or  sidewalks  is 
mentioned,  the  clear  width  shall  be  understood. 

117.  All  clearances  shown  on  the  general  drawings,  for 
head-room  over  tracks,  clear  spans  or  heights  over  channels, 
roadways  or  other  properties  shall  be  strictly  adhered  to  and 
no  part  of  the  structure  shall  encroach  on  same. 


Through 
Bridges. 


Roadway 
and  Walks. 


(25) 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

B.     TENSION  MEMBERS. 

118.     Long  vertical  tension  members  will  preferably  be 
stiffened. 

Eye  Bars.  1 1 9.     Heads  of  eye  bars  shall  be  so  proportioned  as  to 

develop  the  full  strength  of  the  bar.  The  heads  shall  be 
formed  by  upsetting  and  forging,  and  in  no  case  will  welding 
be  allowed. 

1 20.  Eye  bars  must  be  perfectly  straight  before  boring, 
and  bars  working  together  shall  be  piled  and  clamped  to- 
gether and  bored  in  one  operation. 

121.  Eye  bars  shall  not  be  less  than  five-eighths   (^6) 
inch  thick,  and  preferably  not  less  than  one-fifth  (1-5)  the 
width  of  the  bar. 


Riveted  Tension 
Members. 


122.  Riveted  tension  members  shall  have  an  excess  of 
section  of  twenty-five  (25)  per  cent  through  pin  holes  and 
net  section  at  all  other  points.  Pin  plates  shall  also  be  pro- 
portioned for  bearing  on  pins.  The  material  back  of  pin 
shall  be  proportioned  for  double  shear,  using  for  working 
length  the  distance  from  back  of  pin  to  end  of  plate.  But 
the  length  of  plate  back  of  pin  shall  not  be  less  than  two 
and  one-half  (2l/2)  inches. 


Rods. 


123.  All  rods  with  screw  ends  shall  be  upset  at  the  ends, 
so  that  the  area  at  the  root  of  the  thread  shall  exceed  by 
seventeen  (17)  per  cent  the  area  of  the  rod. 


124.     All  rods  with  welded  heads  must  be  of  wrought 


iron. 


Loop  Eyes. 


125.     When  loop  eyes  are  used,  the  loop  must  be  so  de- 
signed as  to  develop  the  full  strength  of  the  bar. 


Compression 
Members. 


C.     COMPRESSION  MEMBERS. 

126.     Compression  members  shall  not  exceed  in  length 
$  times  the  least  radius  of  gyration  for  main  members,  and 


(26) 


DETAILS   OF   CONSTRUCTION. 

150  times  the  least  radius  of  gyration  for  subordinate  mem- 
bers. 

"  Main  Members"  shall  include  all  elements  of  trusses, 
posts  of  towers  or  bents,  and  all  other  members  directly 
acted  upon  by  the  live  load. 

"Subordinate  Members"  shall  include  lateral  systems, 
sway  bracing,  and  all  other  members  not  directly  acted 
upon  by  the  live  load. 


127.  The  several   segments  or  parts  of  a  compression 
member  shall  be  proportionately  as  strong  as  the  members 
taken  as  a  whole. 

128.  The  unsupported  width  of  plate  subjected  to  com- 
pression shall  not  exceed  forty-five  (45)  times  its  thickness, 
nor  shall  the  distance  between  supports  in  the  line  of  the 
stress  exceed  sixteen  (16)  times  its  ^hickness. 


129.  Abutting  ends  shall  be  planed  true  and  square,  and 
no  reliance  shall  be  placed  upon  splice  plates.  They  shall, 
however,  be  spliced  on  all  sides,  when  practicable,  by  suitable 
splice  plates  taking  not  less  than  two  rows  of  rivets. 


Abutting 
Ends. 


130.  Compression  members  which  are  reduced  in  section 
by  pin  holes,  must  be  reinforced  by  pin  plates  when  the  stress 
per  square  inch  of  cross  section  through  the  pin  hole  exceeds 
that  allowed  by  the  unreduced  compression  unit  stress.  The 
length  of  pin  plates  back  of  pins  shall  not  be  less  than  two 
and  one-half  (2l/2)  inches. 


Pin  Plates 


131.  The  open  sides  of  compression  members  shall  be 
stayed  by  stay  plates  at  the  ends,  and  by  diagonal  lace  bars 
at  intermediate  points. 


Lacing. 


132.  Stay  plates  shall  have  a  thickness  of  not  less  than 
one-fortv-fifth  (1-45)  the  unsupported  width.  They  shall 
generally  be  not  less  than  nine  (9)  inches  wide,  nor  less  than 
the  least  width  of  the  member,  nor  less  then  two-thirds  (2-3) 
their  own  length. 

By  width  of  stay  plate  is  meant  the  dimension  parallel  to 
the  axis  of  the  member. 


Stay 
Plates. 


(27) 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

Lace  Bars.  :33-     Lace  bars  shall  have  a  thickness  not  less  than  one- 

forty-fifth  (1-45)  the  unsupported  length.  They  shall  be  in- 
clined at  an  angle  of  not  less  than  60  degrees  with  the  axis 
of  the  member  for  single  lacing,  or  45  degrees  for  double  lac- 
ing. In  this  lattter  case,  they  shall  be  riveted  at  their  inter- 
sections and  their  thickness  shall  not  be  less  than  one-thirty- 
fifth  (1-35)  of  the  distance  between  end  and  center  rivets. 


134.  The  width  of  lace  bars  attaching  to  two-inch  flanges 
or  under,  shall  be  two  (2)  inches.  For  flanges  varying  be- 
tween two  and-  four  inches,  it  shall  be  two  and  one-half 
(2^2)  inches.  For  wider  flanges  it  shall  be  increased  pro- 
portionately. 


135.  When  lace  bars*  of  a  greater  thickness  than  seven- 
sixteenths  (7-16)  inch  are  required,  angles  shall  be  sub- 
stituted. 


136. 


D.  FLOOR  SYSTEM.       • 
The  floor  system  shall  be  composed  of  floor-beams 


and  stringers  in  conformity  with  the  engineer's  general 
drawings,  and  the  methods  of  fastening  the  floor  or  of  sup- 
porting the  pavement,  on  both  roadway  and  sidewalks,  shall 
conform  in  all  respects  to  the  details  shown  thereon. 

137.  Floor-beams  shall  be  of  rolled  or  built  sections. 
They  shall,  in  all  important  truss  spans,  be  riveted  to  posts. 
In  all  cases  where  hangers  are  used,  they  shall  be  of  plates 
or  shapes,  and  the  beams  shall  be  properly  secured  against 
rotation. 


138.  Stringers  shall  be  of  rolled  or  built  sections  or  of 
such  kind  of  wood  as  may  be  shown  on  the  engineer's  gen- 
eral drawings  and  specified  on  the  first  page  hereof.     Iron 
or  steel  stringers  shall  in  all  cases  be  provided  directly  under 
rails  on  bridges  designed  to  carry  car  tracks. 

139.  Iron  and  steel  stringers  shall  preferably  be  riveted 
to  floor-beam  webs.     If  they  rest  on  the  floor  beams  they 
shall  be  securely  fastened  to  the  flanges  thereof. 

(28) 


DRTAILS   OF   CONSTRUCTION. 

140.  Wooden  stringers  shall  not  be  less  than  three  (3) 
inches  in  thickness.    They  shall  be  dapped  over  supports  to 
bring  the  tops  to  a  true  level.    Where  stringers  rest  on  top 
flanges  of  floor  beams,  those  of  each  line  shall  be  lapped  by 
each  other  over  each  floor-beam  to  secure  a  bearing  on  the 
full  width  of  the  flange  for  each  stringer.  Lapping  stringers 
shall  be  separated  by  a  space  of  at  least  one-half  (J^)  inch. 
WThen  the  depth  of  wooden  stringers  exceeds  four  (4)  times 
their  thickness,  they  shall  be  bridged  at  intervals  not  to  ex- 
ceed eight]  (8)  feet  with   2//x4//  bridging  pieces,  each  fas- 
tened with  two  ten  penny  nails  at  each  end. 

141.  If   the   drawings   indicate   buckled,   corrugated   or 
other  form  of  metal  floor  plates  as  support  for  the  paving, 
such  plates  shall  be  of  such  material  and  design  as  are  so  in- 
dicated and  specified  on  the  drawings. 

142.  Provisions  satisfactory  to  the  engineer  shall  in  all 
cases  be  made  for  draining  metal  floor  plates  at  all  points. 

143.  The  upper  surfaces  of  all  metal  floor  plates  shall  be 
given  a  thorough  coating  of  asphalt  of  a  quality  satisfactory 
to  the  engineer,  applied  hot  with  swabs  or  brushes, before  any 
concrete  or  binder  is  laid ;  this  asphalt  to  take  the  place  of  the 
last  field  coat  of    paint    as    specified    for    the    rest  of  the 
structure. 

E.     LATERAL  SYSTEM. 

144.  The  attachment  of  the  lateral  system  to  the  chords 
shall  be  thoroughly  efficient.     Preference  will  be  given  to  a 
system  of  bracing  capable  of  resisting  compression  as  well  as 
tension. 

145.  When  practicable,  the  lateral  system  in  the  plane  of 
the  oor  shall  consist  of  angles  attached  to  trusses  by  means 
of  gusset  plates. 

146.  Connections  for  members  made  of  angles  shall  be 
sufficient  to  develop  the  full  strength  of  the  angles,  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  unit  stresses  given  above. 

(29) 


Eccentric 
Connections. 


Portals. 


Intermediate 
Struts. 


Sub  Struts. 


Knee  Braces. 


Sway 
Braces. 


End 
Struts. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

147.  Laterals  shall  be  as  nearly  in  the  planes  of  the  cen- 
ters of  chords  as  practicable,  and  when  eccentricity  is  un- 
avoidable, all  secondary  or  bending  stresses  shall  be  duly 
provided  for. 

148.  Portals  shall  be  as  deep  as  the  allowable  head  room 
will  permit.     They  shall  consist  of  a  top  and  bottom  flange 
or  strut  and  stiff  intermediate  bracing. 

149.  Portals  must  be  carefully  designed  and  all  connec- 
tions thoroughly  efficient. 

150.  Knees  or  corner  braces  shall  be  used  at  the  bottoms 
of  all  portals.    Preference  shall  be  given  to  curved  braces. 

151.  Top  intermediate  struts  in  through  bridges  shall 
have  a  depth  not  less  than  that  of  the  top  chord,  and  a  ratio 
of  length  to  least  radius  of  gyration  of  not  more  than  150. 

152.  When  the  distance  between*  top  of  floor  and  under 
side  of  top  strut  exceeds  twenty-five   (25)   feet,  sub-struts 
shall  be  used  between  the  vertical  posts,  at  an  elevation  suf- 
ficient for  the  allowable  head  room,  and  diagonal  bracing, 
preferably  consisting  of  angles,  shall  be  used  between  the 
upper  and  lower  struts. 

153.  Knee  braces  shall  be  used  at  all  vertical  posts  when 
the  distance  between  top  of  floor  and  under  side  of  top  strut 
does  not  exceed  twenty-five  (25)  feet. 

154.  Deck  bridges  shall  have  diagonal  sway  bracing  at 
each  post,  of  the  full  depth  of  the  truss,  and  preferably  con- 
sisting of  angles  and  capable  of  resisting  either  tension  or 
compression.    Ample  provision  shall  be  made  at  the  ends  of 
spans  for  conveying  all  wind  forces  to  the  piers. 

155.  Bottom  end  struts  shall  be  provided  for  all  spans, 
either  deck  or  through. 


Spacing. 


F.     RIVETING. 


156.     Rivets  shall  generally  be  three-fourths   (^J)   inch 
and   seven-eighths,    (%)    inch   diameter.     The   pitch   shall 


(30) 


DETAILS  OF   CONSTRUCTION. 

never  be  less  than  three  diameters,  and,  when  practicable,  not 
less  than  four  diameters.  It  shall  not  exceed  six  (6)  inches 
nor  sixteen  (16)  times  the  thinnest  outside  plate. 

157.  The  distance   from  center  of  hole  to  the  nearest 
edge  of  any  piece  shall,  when  practicable,  be  not 'less  than 
one  and  one-fourth  (i)4)  inches  for  three-fourths  (24)  inch 
rivets,  and  not  less  than  one  and  one-half  (i^)  inches  for 
seven-eighths   (%)   inch  rivets.     It  shall  not  exceed  eight 
(8)  times  the  thickness  of  the  thinnest  outside  plate. 

158.  At  ends  of  compression  members  the  pitch  of  rivets 
shall  not  exceed  four  diameters  for  a  length  equal  to  twice 
the  depth  of  the  member. 

159.  Tension    on    rivets    shall     be    avoided    whenever 
possible. 

1 60.  Rivet  holes  shall  be  accurately  spaced,  so  that  when 
members  are  brought  into  position  the  holes  shall  be  truly 
opposite  before  rivets  are  driven.     Drifting  will  under  no 
circumstances  be  allowed. 

For  conventional  signs  for  rivets  on  drawings,  see  Appendix. 

G.     RIVETED  WORK. 

161.  Riveted  work  shall  be  either  first  or  second  class  as 
may  be  shown  in  the  engineer's  general  drawings,  and  speci- 
fied on  the  first  page  hereof;  and  for  either  class  specified, 
the  work  shall  be  done  strictly  according  to  the  following 
specifications  covering  the  respective  class  of  work  selected. 

(a)      FIRST   CLASS  RIVETED   WORK. 

162.  All  holes  in  both  tension  and  compression  members  of        |ron 
all  thicknesses  less  than  three-fourths   (%)   inch  shall  be 
punched  full  size. 

163.  All  holes  in  both  tension  and  compression  members  of 

all  thicknesses  three-fourths   (^)  inch  or  greater  shall  be 
drilled  from  the  solid. 


(30 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS, 

Soft  steer  *^*     -^   n°les   *n   tensi<>n    members  of    all    thicknesses 

less  than  three-fourths  (£4)  inch  shall  be  either  punched 
one-eighth  (%)  inch  smaller  than  the  rivet  required  and 
reamed  to  one-sixteenth  (1-16)  inch  larger,  or  they  may  be 
drilled  from  the  solid. 

165.  All    holes    in    tension   members   of    all  thicknesses 
three-fourths  (J4)  inch  or  greater  shall  be  drilled  from  the 
solid. 

166.  All    holes    in    compression   members    of    all    thick- 
nesses less  than  three-fourths   (%)   inch  shall  be  punched 
full  size. 

167.  All    holes    in    compression  members    of    all    thick- 
nesses three-fourths   (J4)    inch  or  greater  shall  be  drilled 
from  the  solid. 

Medium  steer.  168.  All    holes    in    both    tension     and    compression     mem- 

bers of  all  thicknesses  less  than  three-fourths  (^4)  inch 
shall  be  either  punched  one-eighth  (J^)  inch  smaller  than  the 
rivet  required  and  reamed  to  one-sixteenth  (1-16)  inch 
larger,  or  they  may  be  drilled  from  the  solid. 

169.  All  holes  in  both  tension  and  compression  mem- 
bers of  all  thicknesses  three-fourths  (^4)  inch  or  greater 
shall  be  drilled  from  the  solid. 

(b)      SECOND   CLASS   RIVETED   WORK. 

iron  170.     All    holes    in    both    tension    and    compression    mem- 

bers of  all  thicknesses  less  than  three-fourths  (24)  inch 
shall  be  punched  full  size. 

171.  All  holes  in  both  tension  and  compression  mem- 
bers of  all  thicknesses  three-fourths  (^4)  inch  or  greater 
shall  be  drilled  from  the  solid. 


Soft  steel.  172.     All    holes  in    both    tension    and    compression     mem- 

bers    of    all    thickness    less    than    three- fourths    (J4)    inch 
shall  be  punched  full  size. 

(32) 


DETAILS   OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

173.  All    holes    in    both    tension   and   compression    mem- 
bers   of  all  thicknesses  three-fourths   (^4)   inch  or  greater 
shall  be  drilled  from  the  solid. 

174.  All    holes    in   both   tension    and    compression    mem-        Medium  steel. 
bers   shall  be  treated  the  same  as  for  Medium  Steel  in  First 

Class  Riveted  Work.     (See  paragraphs  168  and  169.) 

(c)     GENERAL  CLAUSES. 

175.  Reamed  work  is  not  required  for  lace  bars,  trans- 
verse, diagonal  or  lateral  bracing,  except  to  make  holes  true 
and  square  to  members. 

176.  When  plates  are  drilled  as  assembled,  they  must  be 
separated  after  being  drilled  and  cleaned  of  chippings  forced 
between  them  by  the  drill.     The  square  shoulders  of  all 
rivet  holes  under  rivet  heads  must  have  a  fillet  of  at  least 
one-thirty-second  (1-32)  inch  neatly  removed. 

177.  Every  built  member  or  girder  must  be  true  and  out 
of  wind,  neatly  finished  to  length,  and  field  driven  rivets  of 
all  main  girder  connections  shall  be  laid  out  with  templates 
and  accurately  drilled  so  as  to  pass  the  rivets  cold. . 

178.  Power  riveting  shall  be  used  wherever  possible.    All 
rivets  must  have  neatly  capped  full  heads.    Tightening  loose 
rivets  by  recupping  or  "setting  up"  will  not  be  allowed ;  they 
must  be  cut  out  and  redriven,  whether  in  shop  or  field. 
Rivets  must  be  properly  heated  and  driven  to  completely  fill 
the  holes.    No  loose  rivets  allowed. 

179.  All  bolts  must  be  of  neat  length  and  have  a  washer        Bo|tg 
under  head  and  nut  when  they  are  in  contact  with  wood. 
Washers  and  nuts  shall  have  a  uniform  bearing.     All  nuts 

shall  be  easily  accessible  with  a  wrench  for  the  purpose  of 
adjustment,  and  shall  be  effectively  checked  after  the  final 
adjustment.  Rivets  shall  be  used  in  preference  to  bolts  to 
resist  shearing  stresses.  When  bolts  are  unavoidable  they 
must  be  turned  to  a  driving  fit  and  have  a  washer  under  each 
and  every  nut.  Bearing  on  threads  will  not  be  allowed. 

(33) 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE  SPECIFICATIONS. 

H.    TRUSSES. 

Trusses  1  80.     Trusses  shall  be  of  such  form  that  the  stresses  in 

each  member  can  be  accurately  computed.  For  spans  under 
one  hundred  (100)  feet,  trusses  will  be  generally  of  riveted 
construction  throughout.  For  spans  over  one  hundred 
(100)  feet,  they  will  be  generally  pin  connected. 

Span.  I8i.     In  calculating  stresses,  the  length  of  span  shall  be 

understood  to  be  the  distance  between  centers  of  end  pins. 

Dcpth  182.     The  depth  center  to  center  of  chords  shall  generally 

be  not  less  than  one-eighth  (%)  of  the  span. 


183.  Trusses  shall  have  just  sufficient  camber  to  brin^ 

.       •    • 

the  joints  of  the  compression  chord  to  a  true  square  bearing 
when  the  truss  is  fully  loaded.  Each  member  of  the  truss 
shall  be  lengthened  or  shortened  in  proportion  to  the  stress 
to  which  it  is  subject  under  a  full  dead  and  a  full  live  load, 
so  that  under  the  full  loading  each  member  will  be  strained  to 
its  normal  length. 

I.     PLATE  GIRDERS. 

184.  In  calculating  stresses,  the  length  of  span  shall  be 
understood  to  be  the  distance  between  centers  of  end  bearing 
plates. 

185.  The  depth,  which  shall  preferably  be  not  less  than 
one-twelfth  (1-12)  of  the  span,  shall  be  understood  to  be  the 
distance  between  the  centers  of  gravity  of  the  top  and  bot- 
tom flanges,  unless  this  distance  is  greater  than  the  distance 
back  to  back  of  flange  angles,  in  which  case  the  latter  will 
be  taken  as  the  effective  depth. 

In  calculating  flange  rivets  at  ends  of  girders,  the  effective 
depth  shall  be  taken  from  center  to  center  of  rivet  lines. 

1  86.  Flanges  of  plate  girders  must  be  proportioned  to 
resist  the  entire  bending  moment,  except  when  the  web  is 
made  in  one  length  or  fully  spliced  to  resist  bending  stresses, 
in  which  case  one-sixth  (1-6)  of  the  area  of  cross  section  of 
the  web  plate  may  be  considered  as  effective  flange  area. 

(34) 


DETAILS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

187.  Flange  plates  and  angles  must  be  nearly  uniform  in 
thickness  and  shall  decrease  in  thickness  from  the  angles  out- 
ward.   The  thickness  of  flange  angles  in  compression  shall 
not  be  less  than  one-thirtieth  (1-30)  of  the  total  width  of 
flange. 

1 88.  Flange  plates  shall  extend  at  least  a  foot  beyond 
their  theoretical  lengths  at  each  end. 

189.  If  practicable,  flanges  shall  not  be  spliced,  but  if 
splicing  is  unavoidable,  they  must  be  fully  and  properly 
spliced. 

190.  The  top  flange  shall  be  stayed  transversely  at  inter- 
vals not  exceeding  twenty-five  (25)  times  the  width. 

191.  The  webs  of  plate  girders  shall  be  proportioned  to        web. 
resist  the  entire  shear. 

192.  Where  web  splices  are  necessary,  the  web  shall  be 
spliced  by  a  plate  on  each  side.    These  splice  plates  shall  each 
be  at  least  three-fourths  (^)  as  thick  as  the  web  and  shall 
be  wide  enough  to  take  two  rows  of  rivets  on  each  side  of 
splice. 

193.  When  the  shear  per  foot  of  vertical  depth  of  girder 
exceeds  the  safe  shear  given  by  the  formula : 

20,000  x  12  / 


14- 


3,000 /2 

in  which  t  =  thickness  of  web   in  inches. 

"         "      d  =  clear  distance  between  flanges  in  inches, 

the  web  shall  be 

stiffened  by  pairs  of  angles  sufficiently  close  to  conform  to 
the  formula. 

194.  The  thickness  of  webs  and  web  splices  of  floor- 
beams  and  main  girders  shall  not  be  less  than  five-sixteenths 
(5-16)  inch. 

(35) 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE  SPECIFICATIONS. 

Rivet  195.     Rivets  in  flanges  shall  be  spaced  sufficiently  close  to 

Spacing.  ta^e  tne  increment  of  flange  stress  at  the  successive  points. 

At  the  ends  of  the  span  the  rivets  must  transmit  the  entire 
end  shear  into  each  flange  within  a  distance  equal  to  the 
depth  between  rivet  lines  of  the  flanges;  but  the  minimum 
and  maximum  spacing  of  rivets  shall  be  observed,  and  the 
web  shall  be  made  sufficiently  thick  to  withstand  the  bearing 
of  the  rivets. 

J.     ROLLED  BEAMS. 

Beams.  196.     Rolled  I-beams  and  channels  shall  preferably  have 

a  depth  of  not  less  than  one-fifteenth  (1-15)  the  length  be- 
tween centers  of  support.  . 

K.     TOWERS  AND  BENTS. 

lowers.  197.     At  points  shown  on  plans  or  approved  by  the  en- 

gineer, bents  shall  be  united  to  form  towers.  Each  tower 
thus  formed  shall  be  thoroughly  braced  in  all  directions. 

198.  Each  tower  shall  have  sufficient  base,  longitudinally, 
to  be  stable,  when  standing  alone,  without  other  support  than 
its  anchorage,  and  must  be  designed  to  withstand  any  longi- 
tudinal thrust  that  may  be  brought  upon  it,  due  to  the  start- 
ing or  stopping  of  the  specified  live  loads,  co-efficient  of  fric- 
tion being  taken  at  twenty  (20)  per  cent. 

Columns.  199-     Tower  columns   shail   be   designed   in   accordance 

with  clauses  covering  compression  members  given  above. 

200.  Columns  shall,  if  possible,  be  made  of  segments  of 
one  length.     When   splicing  is  unavoidable,  the   segments 
shall  be  fully  spliced. 

201.  All  columns  shall  be  securely  anchored  against  pos- 
sible tension  by  approved  bolts. 

202.  In  high  towers  the  columns  shall  have  a  uniform 
batter  transversely,  sufficient  to  nearly  or  quite  prevent  ten- 
sion at  the  base  under  the  greatest  wind  force  specified, 
either  during  erection  or  after  completion. 

(36) 


DRTAIT.S  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 


203.  Bracing  in  bents  or  towers  shall  preferably  be  made 
of  angles  or  other  stiff  shapes.  Preference  will  be  given  to 
that  form  of  bracing  which  is  capable  of  withstanding  either 
tension  or  compression. 


Bracing. 


L.     GENERAL. 

204.  Unless  otherwise  noted  on  the  engineer's  general 
drawings,  no  metal  less  than  five-sixteenths  (5-16)  inch 
thick  shall  be  used  except  for  fillers,  railings,  crestings,  and 
other  minor  parts  of  the  structure,  nor  shall  any  rod  have 
an  area  less  than  three-fourths  (^4)  of  one  square  inch. 


Minimum 
Sizes. 


205.  The  resultant  stress  in  each  member  must  coincide 
with  its  center  of  gravity,  or  the  members  must  be  propor- 
tioned for  the  additional  stress  induced  by  reason  of  the 
eccentricity. 


Center  of 
Gravity. 


206.  Pins  must  be  straight  and  turned  accurately  to  size, 
the  ends  to  be  turned  to  a  smaller  diameter  for  the  thread, 
and  must  be  driven  to  place  by  the  use  of  pilot  nuts. 


Pins. 


207.  Recessed  hexagon  nuts,  or  plain  hexagon  nuts 
with  wrought  washers  one-half  (J^)  inch  thick,  may  be  used 
at  the  option  of  the  bidder  ;  nuts  and  washers  to  have  a  full, 
uniform  bearing,  and  wrought  washers,  if  used,  to  fit  the  pin 
with  not  more  than  one-sixteenth  (1-16)  inch  play. 


208.     The  diameter  of  pin  shall  not  be  less  than  three- 
fourths  (24)  the  width  of  the  widest  eye  bar  attaching  to  it. 


209.  The  several  members  attaching  to  a  pin  shall  in  gen- 
eral be  packed  so  as  to  produce  the  least  bending  moment 
upon  the  pin,  and  all  vacant  spaces  must  be  filled  with  filling 
rings. 


210.  All  pin  holes  must  be  bored  exactly  perpendicular  to 
the  center  lines  of  stress,  out  of  wind,  and  not  more  than 
one-thirty-second  (1-32)  inch  larger  than  the  diameter  of 
the  pin. 

(37) 


Pin  Holes. 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 


Shoes. 


Bed  Plates. 


Sheet  Lead. 


Rollers. 


Drainage. 


Expansion 
Points. 


211.  Shoes  shall  be  securely  stayed  against  upward  or 
side   motion   by   anchor   bolts   of   approved   diameter   and 
length. 

See  Paragraph  265  concerning  furnishing  and  setting  anchor  bolts 

212.  Bed  plates  shall  be  of  such  size  that  the  pressure  per 
square  inch  upon  the  masonry  shall  not  exceed  four  hundred 
(400)  pounds  per  square  inch.  The  thickness  shall  be  such 
that  the  pressure  will  be  distributed  uniformly  throughout 
the  plate. 

213.  Bed  plates  and  bearing  plates  shall  be  truly  planed 
on  all  sliding  surfaces. 

214.  All  bed  and  bearing  plates  on  masonry  shall  be  set 
on  sheet  lead  not  less  than  one-eighth  ( ]/fa )  inch  in  thickness 
and  the  full  size  of  the  plate.    Sheet  lead  shall  be  furnished 
and  set  by  the  contractor  for  superstructure. 

215.  For  spans  over  seventy-five  (75)  feet  in  length,  ex- 
pansion ends  shall  be  provided  with  nests  of  friction  rollers 
upon  which  the  pressure  per  lineal  inch  of  roller  shall  not  ex- 
ceed 600 d,  "d"  being  the  diameter  of  the  roller  in  inches. 
The  roller  shall  be  protected  as  much  as  possible  by  a  suit- 
able casing,  from  dust  and  foreign  matter. 

Rollers  smaller  than  three   (3)   inches  in  diameter  will 
not  be  allowed. 

216.  Wherever  there  is  a  tendency  for  water  to  collect, 
the   spaces   must    be    drained    or  filled    with    waterproof 
material. 

217.  At  all  points  indicated  on  the  engineer's  general 
drawings  satisfactory  provisions  shall  be  made  for  the  full 
and  free  expansion  and  contraction  of  all  parts  of  the  struct- 
ure.    All  stringers,  curbs,  pavements,  hand  rails,  street  car 
rails  and  in  fact,  all  members  and  material  shall  be  specially 
designed  to  insure  unobstructed  movement. 

218.  Full  details  of  all  expansion  joints  shall  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  engineer  for  his  approval. 


(38) 


XT.     QUALITY  OF  MATERIAL. 

A.     WROUGHT  IRON. 

219.  Wrought  iron  shall  be  made  by  the  puddling  proc- 
ess or  rolled  from   fagots  or  piles  made  up  from   No.    I 
wrought  iron  scrap,  alone  or  with  muck  bar  added. 

220.  The  minimum  physical  qualities  required  shall  be  as 
follows : 

Tensile  strength,  pounds  per  sq.  inch 48,000 

Yield  point,  pounds  per  sq.  inch 25,000 

Elongation,  per  cent,  in  8  inches 20 

221.  In  sections   weighing  less  tha'n  0.654  pounds  per 
lineal  foot  the  percentage  of  elongation  required  shall  be  15 
per  cent. 

222.  Cold  bending  tests  shall  be  made  on  specimens  cut 
from  the  bar  as  rolled.    The  specimen  shall  be  bent  through 
an  angle  of  180  degrees  by  a  succession  of  light  blows. 

223.  When  nicked  and  bent,  it  shall  show  a  generally 
fibrous   fracture,   free   from  coarse  crystalline  spots.     Not 
over  10  per  cent  of  the  fractured  surface  shall  be  granular. 

224.  Hot  bending  tests  shall  be  made  on  specimens  cut 
from  the  bar  as  rolled.     The  specimens,  heated  to  a  bright 
red  heat,  shall  be  bent  through  an  angle  of  180  degrees  by  a 
succession  of  light  blows  and  without  hammering  directly  on 
the  bend. 

225.  If  desired,  a  bar  shall  be  worked  and  welded  in  the 
ordinary  manner  without  showing  signs  of  red-shortness. 

226.  The  yield  point  shall  be  determined  by  the  careful 
observation  of  the  drop  of  the  beam  or  halt  in  the  gauge  of 
the  testing  machine. 

227.  All    wrought    iron    must  be    practically    straight, 
smooth,  free  from  cinder  spots  or  injurious  flaws,  buckles, 
blisters  or  cracks.     As  the  thickness  of  bars  approaches  the 


Physical 
Properties. 


Yield  Point. 


Finish. 


(39) 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

maximum  that  the  rolls  will  produce  the  same  perfection  of 
finish  will  not  be  required  as  in  thinner  ones. 

In  flat  and  square  bars  one  thirty-second  (1-32)  inch  varia- 
tion either  way  from  the  size  ordered  will  be  allowed. 

In  round  iron  one  one-hundreth  (1-100)  inch  variation 
either  way  from  the  size  ordered  will  be  allowed. 

B.     CAST  IRON. 

228.  Castings  shall  be  of  tough,  gray  iron,  free  from  in- 
jurious  cold  shuts  or  blow  holes,  and  of  smooth,  workman- 
like finish. 

<  )ne  sample  bar,  one  inch  square,  about  five  feet  long,  cast 
in  sand  mould,  shall  be  furnished  from  each  cast.  This 
sample  bar  shall  be  capable  of  sustaining  on  a  clear  span  of 
four  and  one-half  (4^2)  feet,  a  central  load  of  500  pounds 
when  tested  in  the  rough  bar. 

C.    STEEL. 

229.  All  steel  used  shall  be  open  hearth,  made  at  works  oi 
established  reputation  which  have  been  successfully  manu- 
facturing steel  for  at  least  one 


Acid  Open  230.     If  made  in  an  acid  furnace,  the  amount  of  phos- 

phorus and  sulphur  in  the  finished  product  shall  not  exceed 
eight  one-hundredths  (.08)  of  one  per  cent  and  six  one-hun- 
dredths  (.06)  of  one  per  cent  respectively. 

Basic  Open  23X-     ^  made  in  a  basic  furnace,  the  amount  of  phos- 

Hearth.  phorus  and   sulphur  shall  not  exceed   six  one-hundredths 

(.06)  of  one  per  cent,  and  five  one-hundredths  (.05)  of  one 

per  cent  respectively. 


232'  ^e  tensile  strength,  elastic  limit,  elongation  and 
reduction  of  area  shall  be  determined  from  a  standard  test 
piece  cut  from  the  finished  material  and  planed  or  turned 
parallel  for  at  least  ten  (10)  inches  of  its  length,  the  piece  to 
have  as  nearly  one-half  (l/2)  square  inch  sectional  area  as 
practicable,  and  the  elongation  to  be  measured  on  an  original 
length  of  eight  (8)  inches. 


(40) 


QUALITY   OF    MATERIAL. 

Specimens  for  bending  tests  shall  be  cut  from  the  finished 
section  and  shall  be  of  the  same  form  as  those  used  for  ten- 
sile tests. 

233.  Three  specimens,  two  for  tensile  tests  and  one  for 
bending  test,  shall  be  furnished  from  each  melt,  except  where 
a    melt    is     rolled    into    widely    varying    sections,     when 
each  of  such  widely  varying  sections  shall  be  represented  by 
at  least  one  test. 

Where  only  a  small  portion  of  a  melt  is  rolled  into  the 
order  covered  by  these  specifications,  it  is  left  to  the  discre- 
tion of  the  engineer  or  his  authorized  representative  to  re- 
duce the  number  of  tests. 

If  the  manufacturer  so  desires,  the  bending  tests  may  be 
made  on  the  broken  tensile  test  pieces  instead  of  on  speci- 
mens as  specified  above. 

234.  Eye-bars  shall  be  of  medium  steel.    Full-sized  tests        Full  size 
shall  show  twelve  and  one-half  ( i2l/2 )  per  cent  elongation  in 

fifteen  feet  of  the  body  of  the  eye-bar,  and  the  tensile 
strength  shall  not  be  less  than  55,000  pounds  per  square  inch. 
Eye-bars  shall  be  required  to  break  in  the  body,  but  should 
an  eye-bar  break  in  the  head,  and  show  twelve  and  one-half 
(i2l/2)  per  cent  elongation  in  fifteen  feet  and  the  tensile 
strength  specified,  it  shall  not  be  cause  for  rejection,  provided 
that  not  more  than  one-third  (1-3)  of  the  total  number 
of  eye-bars  tested  break  in  the  head. 

235.  Steel  shall  be  of  three  grades:  medium,  soft  and        Grades. 
rivet. 

236.  Specimens  from  finished  material,  cut  to  size  speci-        Med  tm 
ficd  above,  shall  have  an  ultimate  tensile  strength  of  not  less        8teeL 
than  60,000  nor  more  than  70,000  pounds  per  square  inch ; 

an  elastic  limit  of  not  less  than  35,000  pounds  per  square 
inch  ;  and  an  elongation  of  not  less  than  twenty-two  (22)  per 
cent. 

This  grade  of  steel  to  bend  cold  180  degrees  over  a  man- 
drel, the  diameter  of  which  is  equal  to  the  thickness  of  the 
piece  tested,  without  a  crack  or  flaw  on  the  outside  of  the 
bent  portion. 

(40 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 


Soft 
Steel. 


237.  Specimens  from  finished  material,  cut  to  size  speci- 
fied above,  shall  have  an  ultimate  tensile  strength  of  not  less 
than  52,000  nor  more  than  62,000  pounds  per  square  inch ; 
an  elastic  limit  of  not  less  than  32,000  oounds  per  square 
inch  ;  and  an  elongation  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  (25)  per 
cent. 

This  grade  of  steel  must  stand  bending  cold  180  degrees 
and  close  down  flat  on  itself  without  sign  of  fracture  on  con- 
vex side  of  curve. 


Rivet 
Steel. 


238.  Specimens  cut  to  size  specified  above  shall  have  an 
ultimate  tensile  strength  of  not  less  than  50,000  nor  more 
than  60,000  pounds  per  square  inch ;  an  elastic  limit  of  not 
less  than  30,000  pounds  per  square  inch ;  and  an  elongation 
of  not  less  than  twenty-six  (26)  per  cent. 


(Shippings  and 
Alterations, 


Branding. 


Chemical 
Analysis. 


Finish. 


239.  All  blooms,  billets  or  slabs  shall  be  examined  for 
surface  defects,  flaws  or  blow  holes  before  being  rolled  into 
the  finished   sections,   and   such   chippings   and  alterations 
made  as  will  insure  solidity  in  the  rolled  sections. 

240.  Every  finished  piece  of  steel  shall  be  stamped  with 
the  melt  number,  and  steel  for  pins  shall  have  the  melt  num- 
ber stamped  on  the  ends.    Rivets  and  lacing  steel,  and  small 
pieces  for  pin  plates  and  stiffeners,  may  be  shipped  in  bun- 
dles, securely  wired  together,  with  the  melt  number  on  a 
metal  tag  attached. 

241.  The  chemical  analysis  for  carbon,  phosphorus  and 
sulphur  of  each  melt  must  be  furnished  to  the  engineer  or  his 
representative  at  the  mill,  before  any  of  the  material  rolled 
from  said  melt  is  shipped  from  the  mill. 

242.  Finished  material  must  present  a  smooth,  clean  sur- 
face, free  from  buckles,  flaws,  cracks,  ragged  edges,  or  any 
other  defects,  and  must  be  straight  throughout  and  true  to 
section. 


Variation  in 
Weight. 


•  243.  A  variation  of  more  than  two  and  one-half  (2l/2) 
per  cent  from  ordered  weight  will  be  considered  cause  for 
rejection. 


(42) 


QUALITY   OF    MATERIAL. 


For  all  plates  ordered  to  gauge,  there  will  be  permitted  an 
average  excess  of  weight  over  that  corresponding  to  the 
dimensions  on  the  order  equal  in  amount  to  that  specified  in 
the  following  table : 


THICKNESS  OF  PLATE. 
Inch. 

WIDTH  OF  PLATE. 

Up  to  75  inches. 
Per  cent. 

75  tO  100  inches. 
Per  cent. 

Over  100  inches. 
Per  cent. 

if 

10 

J4 

18 

A 

8 

12 

1G 

3/8 

7 

10 

13 

A 

0 

8 

10 

# 

5 

7 

9 

5/8 

4 

6 

8 

Over      $/8 

3^ 

5 

6^ 

244.  Shipments  of  material  from  the  mills  will  not  be 
permitted  until  after  the  tests  have  been  made.     Copies  of  all 
shipping  invoices  must  be  furnished  to  the  engineer  or  his 
representative  at  the  mill  as  shipments  are  made.  • 

D.     CAST  STEEL. 

245.  Steel  castings  shall  be  made  of  a  first  class  quality 
of  open-hearth  steel,  sound,   smooth,  true  to  pattern,  and 
free  from  blow-holes,  flaws  and  warps.     All  steel  castings 
shall  be  thoroughly  annealed  at  a  temperature  sufficiently 
high  to  make  a  blue  scale,  and  when  tested  in  three-quarter 
(24)   inch  round  turned  test  pieces,  .cut  from  castings,  or 
from  extensions  cast  to  the  castings,  shall  show  an  ultimate 
strength  of  from  65,000  to  75,000  pounds  per  square  inch, 
and  an  elongation  of  not  less  than  fifteen  (15)  per  cent  in 
two  (2)  inches,  and  including  the  break. 

K     PAINT.  , 

246.  All  paint  for  use  in  the  "first  coat"  shall  be  of  the 
best  quality  of  Graphite  paint  or  of  Carbon  Primer,  of  a 
manufacture  acceptable  to  the  engineer. 

(43) 


Shipments. 


Quality 
of  Paint. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS. 


Inaccessible 

Snrfaces. 


247.  All  paint  for  use  in  the  "finish  coats"  shall  be  of  a 
quality  and  color  to  be  determined  by  the  engineer. 

248.  All  surfaces  that  are  inaccessible  after  being  riveted, 
or  after  erection,  shall  have,  before  assembling:  or  before 
erection,  two  (2)  coats  of  pure  red  lead  and  boiled  linseed  oil, 
mixed  in  the  proportion  of  eighteen  (18)  Ibs.  of  lead  to  one 
(i)  gallon  of  oil. 

All  bolts  which  are  to  remain  permanently  in  the  struc- 
ture are  to  be  dipped  in  "first  coat"  as  described  above. 


First  Coat.  249-     As  soon  as  shop  work  is  complete,  the  material  shall 

be  thoroughly  cleaned  from  all  scale,  rust,  grease,  or  other 
foreign  matter,  and  given  one  coat  of  "first  coat,"  as  de- 
scribed above. 


Erection 
Marks. 


250.     Erection  marks  shall  be  made  on  the  painted  surface 
and  not  on  the  bare  metal  and  then  oiled  over. 


Retouching  for 
Finish  Coats. 


FinisMig 
Coats. 


251.  After  erection  and  before  applying  the  finish  coats, 
the  material  shall  again  be  retouched  and  field  rivets  shall  be 
painted  with  the  ''first  coat,"  as  described  above ;  the  field 
rivets  shall  be  painted  as  soon  as  practicable  after  driving. 

252.  All  metal  work  shall,  after  erection,  be  thoroughly 
cleansed  from  mud,  grease,  or  any  other  objectionable  ma- 
terial that  may  be  found  thereon  (wire  brushes  or  scrapers 
shall  be  used  when  necessary,  or  required  by  the  engineer), 
and  painted  with  two  (2)  coats  of  "finish  coat,"  as  specified 
above. 

No  painting  vvill  be  allowed  in  wet  or  freezing  weather, 
and  all  surfaces  must  be  dry  when  paint  is  applied. 


Turned  and 
Planed  Surfaces. 


253.  All  turned  or  planed  surfaces  shall  be  coated  with  a 
mixture  of  white  lead  and  tallow  before  being  exposed  to 
the  weather. 


Copies  of 
Orders. 


254.  All  paint  and  oil  used  for  the  structure  shall  be  es- 
pecially purchased,  and  the  contractor  will  furnish  the  en- 
gineer with  copies  of  all  orders  for  same ;  and  until  such 
copies  have  been  received  by  the  engineer,  no  paint  shall 
be  applied. 

(44) 


QUALITY    OF   MATERIAL. 

F.     TIMBER. 

255.  All  timber  shall  be  of  the  best  quality  of  the  kind 
specified,  cut  from  sound,  live  timber,  free  from  loose  or  rot- 
ten knots,  worm-holes,  wind  shakes  or  splits,  reasonably  well 
seasoned,  straight-grained,  square-edged,  and  free  from  any 
defect  calculated  to  impair  its  strength  or  durability.  Sap 
wood  shall  not  be  allowed  in  more  than  ten  (10)  per  cent  of 
the  pieces  of  one  kind,  and  no  piece  will  be  accepted  showing 
sap  covering  more  than  one-fourth  ( *4 )  the  width  of  the 
piece  on  any  face  at  any  point,  nor  more  than  half  the  thick- 
ness of  any  plank  at  its  edge,  at  any  point. 


Timber. 


XII.     WORKMANSHIP. 

256.  All  workmanship  must  be  strictly  first  class. 

257.  All  members  that  may  be  become  bent  or  in  any  way 
injured  in  transportation  or  erection,  or  from  any  cause, 
must  be  repaired,  straightened,  and  made  good  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  engineer. 

258.  All  plates  and  shapes  shall  be  carefully  straightened 
before  the  work  is  laid  out,  and  all  work  must  be  finished  in 
a  neat  and   workmanlike  manner.     The  edges  of  sheared 
steel  plates  in  main  members  shall  be  carefully  faced  or 
planed  to  effectively  remove  defects  caused  by  shearing. 

259.  No  forging  or  other  work  must  be  performed  on 
any  material  at  a  temperature  as  low  as  a  blue  heat,  and  all 
steel  forged  work  must  be  afterward  thoroughly  and  uni- 
formly annealed  by  heating  throughout  to  a  uniform  dark- 
red  heat  and  being  allowed  to  cool  slowly. 

260.  Due  regard  must  be  had  for  the  neat  and  attractive 
appearance  of  the  finished  structure ;  and  details  of  work- 
manship of  an  unsightly  character  will  not  be  allowed. 


Annealing 


Appearance. 


(45) 


Mill  and  Shop 
Inspection. 


Inspection  not  to 
relieve  Contractor. 


HIGHWAY   BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

XIII.     INSPECTION  AND  TESTS. 

261.  All  material  shall  be  subject  to  inspection  at  mills 
and  shops  during  the  various  processes  of  manufacture,  and 
free  access  must  be  permitted  for  the  engineer  or  his  inspec- 
tors at  any  works  where  material  is  in  process  of  manufac- 
ture.    A  notice  of  at  least  one  week  must  be  given  to  the 
engineer  when  his  inspector  may  be  on  hand  for  the  perform- 
ance of  his  duties. 

262.  All  materials  and  workmanship  shall  be  subject  to 
the  inspection  and  rejection  of  the  engineer;  and  all  mate- 
rials condemned  by  him  shall  be  immediately  removed  from 
the  work. 

263.  The  inspection  of  the  work  shall  not  relieve  the  con- 
tractor  of   his   obligation   to   perform   sound   and   reliable 
work,  as  herein  provided.     And  all  work  of  whatever  kind 
which,  during  its  progress  and  before  it  is  finally  accepted, 
may  become  damaged  from  any  cause,  shall  be  replaced  by 
good  and  sound  work,  satisfactory  to  the  engineer. 


Erection. 


Anchor 

Bolls. 


XIV.     ERECTION. 

264.  The  contractor  shall  erect  the  bridge  with  its  floor 
or  pavement,  railings,  and  all  other  details,  fastenings  and 
attachments  complete,  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner 
and  ready  for  travel,  and  to  the  lines  and  grades  furnished  by 
the  engineer. 

265.  The  contractor  for  superstructure  shall  furnish  and 
put  in  place  all  stone  bolts  and  anchors  for  attaching  the  iron 
or  steel  work  to  the  masonry.     He  will  drill  all  the  neces- 
sary holes  in  the  masonry  and  set  all  bolts  in  neat  Portland 
cement  of  a  brand  satisfactory  to  the  engineer.     When  the 
requirements  of  the  contract  demand  that  the  bolts  or  anchors 
be  built  in  the  masonry  the  contractor  for  the  superstructure 
shall  furnish  said  bolts  or  anchors  and  deliver  them  at  the 
bridge  site  at  such  time  as  may  be  ordered  by  the  engineer, 
but  he  will  not  be  required  to  place  them. 

(46) 


ERECTION. 


266.     All  lines  and  grades  are  to  be  given  by  the  engineer. 


Grades,  etc. 


267.  The  stakes  and  marks  given  by  the  engineer  must  be 
carefully  preserved  by  the  contractor,  who  shall  give  the  en- 
gineer all  necessary  assistance  and  facilities  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  lines  and  grades,  and  the  measuring  up  of  the 
work. 

268.  All  material  shall  be  unloaded  at  the  bridge  site 
with  care,  and  piled  on  skids  well  above  the  level  of  the 
ground. 

•» 

269.  The  contractor  shall  furnish  and  erect  all  falsework, 
staging  and  scaffolding,  and  all  tools  and  erection  plant 
necessary  to  do  the  work  thoroughly  and  expeditiously,  and 
he  shall  remove  the  same  as  fast  as  the  advance  of  the  work 
will  permit. 

270.  Before  placing  any  falsework,  the  contractor  shall 
submit  to  the  engineer  for  his  approval,  duplicate  drawings, 
showing  the  location  of  all  bents,  and  the  placing  of  false- 
work other  than  such  as  is  so  approved  shall  not  be  allowed. 

271.  In  carrying  on  the  work,  all  operations  of  the  con- 
tractor shall  be  made  with  reference  to  keeping  streets  and 
roadways  open  for  street-car,  wagon  and  foot  travel,  except 
where  the  nature  of  the  work,  in  the  opinion  of  the  engineer, 
demands  a  suspension  of  such  travel. 

272.  Traffic  shall  be  maintained  on  all  railways,  canals  or 
navigable  rivers  passing  under  or  near  the  work,  and  all  tele- 
graph, telephone,  or  other  wires,  and  all  gas,  water  or  sewer 
pipes  shall  be  maintained  in  serviceable  condition  and  free 
from  injury  unless  special  written  permission  is  given  by  the 
engineer  for  interfering  with  the  same. 

273.  The  contractor  shall  give  to  the  proper  authorities 
all  requisite  notices  relating  to  the  work  in  his  charge,  and 
obtain  all  official  permits  and  licenses  for  temporary  obstruc- 
tions, and  pay  all  proper  fees  for  same;  and  he  shall  pay 
for   any   other   legal   charges    from   city,   town   or   county 
officers. 

(47) 


Unloading. 


False  Work, 


Maintain 
Traffic. 


Permits  and 
Liconses. 


Fences  and 
Lights. 


Damages. 


Refuse  Material 
and  Rubbish 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

274.  The  contractor  shall  provide  suitable  fences  around 
the  work;  and  red  cautionary  lights  at  night  at  all  places 
where  necessary,  and  shall  also  provide  watchmen,  if  deemed 
necessary  by  the  engineer. 

275.  The  contractor  shall  pay  all  damages  or  losses  or 
claims  recovered  that  the  owner  may  be  made  liable   for, 
and  save  the  owner  harmless  in  all  things  from  any  accident 
which  may  happen  or  arise  by  reason  of  failure,  neglect  or  re- 
fusal on  his  part  or  that  of  anyone  in  his  employ  to  take  all 
necessary  precaution  to  prevent  the  same,  and  also  arising 
from  any  and  all  encroachments  or  trespassing  on  the  neigh- 
boring property. 

276.  All  refuse  material  and  rubbish  that  may  accumu- 
late during  the  progress  of  the  work  shall  be  removed  from 
time  to  time,  and  upon  the  completion  of  the  work  all  surplus 
material,  falsework  and  rubbish  shall  be  removed  from  the 
vicinity  of  the  structure  as  may  be  directed  by  the  engineer. 


XV.     GENERAL  CONDITIONS. 


Patented 
Devices. 


277.  The  structure  shall  be  built  under  the  direction  of 
the  engineer  in  charge,  in  accordance  with  the  engineer's 
general  drawings,  and  will  include  all  work  of  any  descrip- 
tion, whether  specifically  set  forth  herein  or  on  the  drawings, 
or  not,  to  make  the  superstructure  complete  and  ready  for 
use,  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  engineer. 

278.  All  fees  or  royalties  for  any  patented  invention,  ar- 
ticle or  arrangement  that  may  be  used  upon  or  in  any  man- 
ner connected  with  the  construction,  erection  of  the  work,  or 
any  part  thereof,  embraced  in  these  specifications,  shall  be  in- 
cluded in  the  price  mentioned  in  the  contract ;  and  the  con- 
tractor shall  protect  and  hold  harmless  the  owner  against  any 
and  all  demands  for  such  fees,  royalties  or  claims,  and  before 
tfce  final  payment  or  settlement  is  made  on  account  of  the 
contract,  the  contractor  must  furnish  acceptable  proof  of  a 
proper  and  satisfactory  release  from  all  such  claims. 

(48) 


GENERAL   CONDITIONS. 


279.  No  part  of  the  work  shall  be  sublet,  nor  shall  the 
contract  for  the  whole  or  any  portion  of  the  work  be  as- 
signed unless  by  written  consent  of  the  engineer. 

280.  Should  any  disorderly  or  incompetent  person  be  em- 
ployed upon  the  work,  he  shall  upon  notice  from  the  engineer 
be   discharged   and   not   employed  again   without  his  per- 
mission. 

281.  The  work  shall  be  done  substantially  in  accordance 
with  the  accepted  plans,  details  and  directions  by  the  engin- 
eer and  in  accordance  with  these  specifications,  but  the  right 
is  reserved  by  the  owner,  without  incurring  any  liability 
therefor,  to  make  such  changes  in  the  said  general  or  de- 
tailed plans  and  in  the  specifications  as  the  engineer  may 
deem  necessary  for  the  convenience,  safety  and  stability  of 
the  work,  or  as  shall  be  deemed  advisable  or  desirable  by  him 
to  make  the  same  a  satisfactory  piece  of  work. 

282.  The  right  is  also  reserved  by  the  owner,  without 
incurring  any  liability  therefor,  beyond  the  contract  price, 
except  as  hereinafter  provided,  to  increase  or  diminish  the 
amount  of  labor  or  material,  or  both,  herein  provided  for, 
within  such  limits  as  shall  be  deemed  necessary  by  said  en- 
gineer to  make  said  work,  when  completed,  a  satisfactory 
piece  of  work. 

283.  But  if  any  such  change  in  any  of  the  said  general  pr 
detailed  plains,  or  in  the  specifications,  shall,  in  the  opinion 
of  said  engineer,  materially  increase  the  actual  cost  of  per- 
forming the  labor  necessary  to  construct  the  portions  of  the 
work  thereby  changed,  beyond  what  such  labor  would  have 
cost,  as  aforesaid,  if  performed  without  such  change,  then 
the  contractor  shall  receive  the  amount  of  such  increased 
cost,  as  determined  by  the  engineer,  with  ten  ( 10)  per  cent 
thereof  additional,  such  percentage  to  be  for  and  in  lieu  of 
profits ;  any  decrease  in  such  cost,  as  determined  by  the  en- 
gineer, shall  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  owner. 

284.  And  if  by  any  such  change  in  any  of  the  said  gen- 
eral or  detail  plans,  or  in  these  specifications,  any  material  is 
used  in  the  structure,  the  cost  of  which  is,  in  the  opinion  of 

(49) 


Subletting. 


Employees. 


Changes. 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

the  engineer,  in  excess  of  that  herein  provided  for,  the  con- 
tractor shall  receive  such  excess  of  cost,  as  determined  by  the 
said  engineer,  and  ten  (10)  per  cent  thereof  additional,  such 
percentage  to  be  for  and  in  lieu  of  profits ;  any  decrease  of 
such  cost,  as  determined  by  said  engineer,  shall  inure  to  the 
benefit  of  the  owner. 


Claims. 


Commencement 
of  Work. 


Prosecution 
of  Work. 


Completion 
of  Work. 


285.  The  contractor  shall  make    no    claim    against    the 
owner  for  damages  or  losses  occasioned  by  the  elements,  or 
from  any  other  causes  for  which  the  owner  is  not  respon- 
sible.   No  claim  for  extra  work  not  provided  for  in  the  plans 
and  specifications  will  be  allowed  unless  a  written  order  to 
perform  such  work  shall  have  been  given  by  the  engineer, 
and  all  claims  for  such  work  shall  be  presented  in  writing  for 
settlement  in  the  monthly  estimate  next  after  such  work  shall 
have  been  performed.    Claims  by  the  contractor  for  damages 
by  reason  of  any  detention  on  the  part  of  the  owner  will  not 
be  allowed,  but  any  such  detention  shall  make  a  correspond- 
ing extention  of  the  time  for  completion  of  the  contract. 

286.  The  work  herein  provided  for  shall  be  commenced 
upon  any  part  or  portion  of  the  same,  as  the  engineer  may 
direct,  within  ten  (10)  days  after  receipt  of  written  notice 
from  the  engineer  so  to  do. 

287.  The  work  shall  be  prosecuted  continuously  and  in 
the  most  energetic,  expeditious  and  workmanlike  manner, 
with  the  largest  force  of  all  classes  of  workmen  that  can  be 
worked  to  advantage,  and  the  contractor  shall  supply  suf- 
ficient plant  to  work  at  such  places  and  at  as  many  places 
as  the  engineer  may  direct  until  the  whole  shall  have  been 
completed ;  or  work  upon  any  part  or  portion  of  the  structure 
shall  at  anv  time  be  wholly  or  partially  suspended  or  dis- 
continued by  order  of  the  engineer  whenever  in  his  opinion 
the  best  interests  of  the  owner  or  the  progress  of  the  work 
upon  other  parts  or  portions  of  the  structure  may  demand  it. 

288.  The  entire  work  herein  provided  for  shall  be  prose- 
cuted in  such  manner  that  the  whole  shall  be  complete  and 
ready  for  acceptance  by  the  owner  at  or  before  the  time  spec- 
ified on  the  first  page  hereof,  or  in  the  event  that  the  contrac- 


(50) 


GRNERAI,    CONDITIONS. 

tor  fail  to  complete  the  work  within  such  specified  time,  he 
will  be  liable  for  any  and  all  damage  which  the  owner  may 
suffer  in  consequence  of  the  delay;  provided,  that  any  mu- 
tual agreement,  set  forth  in  the  contract  of  which  these  speci- 
fications form  a  part,  relating  to  damages  for  delay  of  com- 
petion  after  the  specified  time  or  to  awards  for  completion 
before  the  specified  time,  shall  be  and  remain  in  full  force 
and  effect. 

289.  If  the  contractor  fails  to  complete  the  entire  work 
herein  provided  for  within  the  time  specified  on  the  first  page 
hereof,  the  engineer  will  receive  from  the  owner  full  compen- 
sation for  cost  of  all  engineering  superintendence  rendered 
from  and  after  such  time  and  until  the  said  work  is  entirely 
completed.    The  amount  of  such  compensation  shall  be  paid 
out  of  and  deducted  from* any  money  due  or  that  may  become 
due  to  the  contractor  for  this  work,  and  final  payment  to  the 
contractor  shall  not  be  made  or  authorized  by  the  owner  until 
a  bill  for  such  superintendence  shall  have  been  received  from 
the  engineer  and  paid  by  the  owner. 

290.  In  the  event  that  the  contractor  shall  abandon  the 
work  and  refuse  or  fail  to  commence  it  again  within  three 
(3)   days  after  written  notice  from  the  engineer,  directing 
him  to  resume  work,  has  been  mailed  to  or  left  for  the  con- 
tractor at  his  last  known  residence,  then  the  sureties  on  his 
contract  shall  be  notified  and  directed  to  complete  the  work. 

291.  If  at  any  time  during  the  progress  of  the  work  it 
should  appear  by  the  report  of  the  engineer  that  the  force 
employed,  the  quantity  or  quality  of  tools,  appliances  pro- 
vided, or  that  the  progress  or  character  of  the  work  or  ma- 
terial furnished  are  not  respectively  such  as,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  engineer,  will  ensure  the  completion  of  the  work  under 
chis  contract  within  the  time  specified,  or  not  in  accordance 
with  the  specifications,  then  and  in  that  case  the  engineer 
may  serve  written  notice  on  the  contractor  to  at  once  supply 
such  increase  of  force,  appliances  or  tools,  and  to  cause  such 
improvement  to  be  made  in  the  character  of  the  work  or  ma- 
terials, as  will  be  required  to  make  the  Same  conform  to  these 
specifications  and  the  requirements  of  the  engineer;  and  if, 

(50 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE    SPECIFICATIONS. 

on  the  expiration  of  three  (3)  days  after  the  service  of  such 
written  notice  upon  the  contractor  and  sureties  personally,  or 
by  leaving  same  or  mailing  same  for  them  at  last  known  ad- 
dresses, the  contractor  shall  have  failed  to  furnish  to  the 
engineer  satisfactory  evidence  of  his  efforts,  ability  and  in- 
tentions to  remedy  the  specified  deficiences,  the  engineer  may 
thereupon  enter  and  take  possession  of  the  said  work  or  any 
part  thereof,  with  tools,  materials,  plant,  appliances,  houses, 
machinery  and  other  appurtenances  thereon,  hold  the  same  as 
security  for  any  or  all  damages  or  liabilities  that  may  arise 
by  reason  of  the  non-fulfillment  of  this  contract  within  the 
time  specified,  and,  furthermore,  may  employ  the  said  tools 
and  other  appurtenances,  materials,  and  such  other  means  as 
the  said  engineer  may  deem  proper  to  complete  the  work  at 
the  expense  of  the  contractor,  and  may  deduct  the  cost  of  the 
same  from  any  payment  then  due  or  thereafter  falling  due  to 
the  contractor  for  this  work ;  and,  in  case  the  contractor  shall 
not  complete  the  work  within  the  time  herein  specified,  and 
the  engineer  shall,  notwithstanding  such  failure,  permit  the 
contractor  to  proceed  with  and  complete  the  said  work  as  if 
such  time  had  not  elapsed,  said  permission  shall  not  be 
deemed  a  waiver  in  any  respect  by  the  owner  of  any  for- 
feiture or  liability  for  damages  or  expenses  thereby  incurred, 
arising  from  such  non-completion  of  said  work  within  the 
specified  time,  but  such  liability  shall  continue  in  full  force 
against  the  contractor  and  his  sureties  as  if  such  permission 
had  not  been  given. 

Estimates  and  292.     Approximate  estimates  will  be  made  monthly  by  the 

Payments.  engineer  if  requested  by  the  contractor,  upon  the  amount  of 

acceptable  material  delivered  at  the  bridge  site  or  erected  in 
place,  and  also  reasonable  estimates  will  be  allowed  at  the 
discretion  of  the  engineer  upon  acceptable  material  in  reason- 
able amounts  and  proper  condition. 

Ninety  (90)  per  cent  of  the  amounts  of  such  estimates  will 
be  paid  in  cash  within  three  (3)  days  after  payment  thereon 
is  ordered  by  the  owner,  provided  no  legal  restraints  are 
placed  upon  such  owner  preventing  such  payment.  The  re- 
maining ten  (10)  per  cent  will  be  paid  within  ten  days  after 
the  final  completion  and  acceptance  by  the  engineer  and 

(52) 


GENERAIV    CONDITIONS. 

owner  of  all  the  work  herein  specified,  provided  the  same  is 
free  from  all  claims  for  labor  and  material  under  these  speci- 
fications, which  might  in  any  manner  become  a  lien  upon 
said  structure  or  upon  the  owner. 

293.  The  contractor  shall  be  required  to  comply  with  all 
federal,  state,  city,  town  or  other  laws  and  statutes  in  force 
in  the  locality,  and  it  is  understood  and  agreed  that  the  con- 
tract of  which  these  specifications  are  a  part  is  made  and  exe- 
cuted subject  to  the  terms  and  conditions  of  any  and  all  such 
laws.    The  contractor  will  be  expected  to  inform  himself  re- 
garding such  laws,  and  to  govern  himself  accordingly. 

294.  All  the  written  part  of  these  specifications,  appear- 
ing on  the  first  page  hereof,  is  to  be  in  as  full  force  and  re- 
ceive the  same  attention  as  if  printed  herein. 

295.  Any  special  clauses  attached  hereto,  and  referring 
to  this  structure,  are  to  be  considered  as  a  part  hereof,  and 
shall  be  as  carefully  noted  and  as  strictly  followed  as  if 
printed  herein. 

i 

296.  The  plans  and  specifications  are  intended  to  be  ex- 
planatory of  each  other,  but  should  any  discrepancy  appear, 
or  any  misunderstanding  arise  as  to  the  import  of  anything 
contained  in  either,  the  explanation  of  the  engineer  shall  be 
final  and  binding  on  the  contractor;  and  all  directions  and 
explanations  required,  alluded  to  or  necessary  to  complete 
any  of  the  provisions  of  these  specifications,  and  give  them 
due  effect,  will  be  given  by  the  engineer. 

297.  The  term  "owner,"  as  herein  used,  is  understood 
to  mean  the  individual,  company,  corporation,  state,  county, 
city,  town  or  village,  to  whom  the  structure  will  belong  when 
completed,  and  for  whom  the  engineer  has  charge  of  the 
work. 


Special 
Clauses. 


Owner. 


298.  The  term  "engineer,11  as  herein  used,  is  understood 
to  mean  the  chief  engineer  in  charge  of  the  work,  and  the 
work  at  all  times  shall  be  under  his  control,  and  the  decisions 
of  said  engineer  upon  all  questions  as  to  estimates  or  the 


Engineer. 


(53) 


HIGHWAY    BRIDGE   SPECIFICATIONS. 

determination  of  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  work,  and  on 
all  other  questions  herein  left  to  his  discretion,  shall  be  final 
and  conclusive. 


The  above  constitute  the  specifications  referred  to  in 
the  contract  of  the  undersigned  with 


dated 
Contracting  firm 


(54) 


CONVENTIONAL  SIGNS  FOR  BRIDGE  RIVETS 

Shop.  Field. 


Two  Full  Heads. 


Countersunk  Inside  and  Chipped. 


Countersunk  Outside  and  Chipped. 


Countersunk  both  Sides  and  Chipped. 


o 


Inside.         Outside.      Both  Sides. 


Flattened  to  l/s"  high  or  Countersunk 
and  not  Chipped. 


Flattened  to  #"  high. 


Flattened  to  ft"  high. 


0)0 
0 


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This  is  the  date  on  which  this 
book  was  charged  out. 

DUE  2  WEEKS  AFTER  DATE. 
SfcP  13  19»2 


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